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首页> 外文期刊>Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory >Evolution of cervical cancer screening and prevention in united states and canada: Implications for public health practitioners and clinicians
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Evolution of cervical cancer screening and prevention in united states and canada: Implications for public health practitioners and clinicians

机译：美国和加拿大宫颈癌筛查和预防的演变：对公共卫生从业人员和临床医生的启示

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Objective: Declines in cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Canada and in the United States have been widely attributed to the introduction of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test. This article reviews changes in screening and introduction of HPV vaccination. Method: Sentinel events in cervical cancer screening and primary prevention through HPV vaccination in the US and Canada are described. Results: Despite commonalities, cervical cancer screening and prevention differ between the two countries. Canada has a combination of opportunistic and organized programs at the provincial and territorial level, while the US has opportunistic screening and vaccination systems. In the US, the HPV test along with the Pap test (co-testing) is part of national recommendations for routine cervical cancer screening for women age 30 and older. Co-testing is not being considered anywhere in Canada, but primary HPV testing is currently recommended (but not implemented) in one province in Canada. Conclusion: Many prevention strategies are available for cervical cancer. Continued public health efforts should focus on increasing vaccine coverage in the target age groups and cervical cancer screening for women at appropriate intervals. Ongoing evaluation will be needed to ensure appropriate use of health resources, as vaccinated women become eligible for screening.
机译：目的：在加拿大和美国，宫颈癌发病率和死亡率的下降被广泛归因于Papanicolaou（Pap）测试的引入。本文回顾了HPV疫苗的筛查和引进方面的变化。方法：描述了美国和加拿大通过HPV疫苗接种进行宫颈癌筛查和一级预防的前哨事件。结果：尽管存在共同点，但两国之间的子宫颈癌筛查和预防有所不同。加拿大在省和地区层面结合了机会主义和有组织的计划，而美国则拥有机会主义的筛查和疫苗接种系统。在美国，HPV检测和Pap检测（共同检测）是30岁及30岁以上女性常规宫颈癌筛查的国家建议的一部分。在加拿大的任何地方都没有考虑进行联合测试，但是目前建议在加拿大的一个省进行主要的HPV测试（但未实施）。结论：许多预防策略可用于宫颈癌。持续的公共卫生工作应着重于在目标年龄组增加疫苗覆盖率，并在适当的时间间隔对妇女进行宫颈癌筛查。随着接种疫苗的妇女有资格进行筛查，将需要进行持续评估以确保适当使用卫生资源。

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