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首页> 外文期刊>Preventive Veterinary Medicine >Farm size, seining practices, and salt use: Risk factors for Aeromonas hydrophila outbreaks in farm-raised catfish, Alabama, USA
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Farm size, seining practices, and salt use: Risk factors for Aeromonas hydrophila outbreaks in farm-raised catfish, Alabama, USA

机译：养殖场规模，围网做法和食盐使用：美国阿拉巴马州养殖的cat鱼中嗜水气单胞菌暴发的风险因素

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摘要

In freshwater aquaculture systems, Aeromonas hydrophila is usually considered to be an opportunistic pathogen most often associated with secondary bacterial infections. Since 2009, the U.S. catfish industry, especially in West Alabama, has been affected by mortality from a strain of A. hydrophila that has been acting as a primary pathogen. Tens of millions of pounds of catfish production have been lost as a consequence of this disease. This study used data from two whole-population farmer surveys to examine farm-level risk factors for two A. hydrophila outbreaks in foodsize Alabama catfish, one in 2009 (surveyed in 2010), and one in 2011 (surveyed in 2012). The response to the 2010 survey was 85% and the response to the 2012 survey was 82%. Univariate analyses were used to examine biologically plausible variables (farm size, pond stocking density, seine exposure, use of salt (NaCl) in ponds), and used categorical disease outcome and dependent variables. Farm size was included in bivariate analyses with the other variables, because it was a potential confounding variable. For both study years, the odds of an A. hydrophila outbreak were significantly greater for farms larger than the mean size (2009: mean = 132 acres (53.4 hectares), odds ratio (OR) = 8.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.3-20.6, p 0.001; 2011: mean = 116 acres (46.9 hectares), OR = 5.3, CI = 1.7-17.0,p = 0.009). Compared with 42% of control farms, every case farm was seined by a commercial or processing plant seining crew in 2009. The bivariate analysis of the 2011 variable "average number of times each pond was seined per year" indicated that regardless of farm size, farms with ponds that were seined more than twice per year had a significantly greater odds of an A. hydrophila outbreak (OR = 4.1, CI = 1.2-14.4, p = 0.02). For 2009, the results of the bivariate analyses of chloride concentrations indicated that farms that had chloride concentrations >135 ppm had a significantly lower odds of experiencing A. hydrophila outbreaks (OR = 0.2, CI = 0.05-0.6, p-value = 0.004). To achieve economies of scale, catfish farmers raise fish on large farms at higher stocking densities, but this practice may result in increased susceptibility to disease outbreaks. Producers should prioritize implementing biosecurity measures such as improved seining practices and other management practices to protect fish grown at high population densities. Further work will determine what the detailed seining protocols should include, and whether the use of salt, and at what concentrations, reduces the risk of A. hydrophila outbreaks. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：在淡水水产养殖系统中，嗜水气单胞菌通常被认为是机会病原体，最常与继发性细菌感染有关。自2009年以来，美国cat鱼产业，特别是在阿拉巴马州西部，受到作为主要病原体的嗜水曲霉菌株的死亡率的影响。由于这种疾病，been鱼产量损失了数千万磅。这项研究使用来自两项全民农民调查的数据来检验农场规模的食物大小阿拉巴马州cat鱼中两次嗜水气单胞菌暴发的风险因素，一次在2009年（2010年调查），一次在2011年（2012年调查）。对2010年调查的回应率为85％，对2012年调查的回应为82％。单变量分析用于检查生物学上合理的变量（农场规模，池塘放养密度，围网暴露，池塘中盐（NaCl）的使用），以及分类疾病的结果和因变量。农场规模与其他变量一起包括在双变量分析中，因为它是一个潜在的混杂变量。在这两个研究年度中，大于平均规模的农场的嗜水链球菌暴发的几率均明显更大（2009年：平均值= 132英亩（53.4公顷），优势比（OR）= 8.2; 95％置信区间（CI） = 3.3-20.6，p <0.001; 2011：平均值= 116英亩（46.9公顷），或= 5.3，CI = 1.7-17.0，p = 0.009）。与42％的对照农场相比，2009年每个案例农场都被商业或加工厂的围捕人员围捕。对2011年变量“每个池塘每年被围捕的平均次数”的二元分析表明，无论养殖场大小如何，每年被捕捞两次以上的池塘的农场发生嗜水链球菌的可能性要大得多（OR = 4.1，CI = 1.2-14.4，p = 0.02）。对于2009年，氯化物浓度的双变量分析结果表明，氯化物浓度> 135 ppm的农场发生嗜水链球菌暴发的几率大大降低（OR = 0.2，CI = 0.05-0.6，p值= 0.004） 。为了实现规模经济，cat鱼养殖者以较高的放养密度在大型养殖场养鱼，但是这种做法可能导致对疾病暴发的敏感性增加。生产者应优先执行生物安全措施，例如改进围网做法和其他管理做法，以保护人口密度高的鱼类。进一步的工作将确定详细的围网方案应包括哪些内容，以及是否使用盐以及以何种浓度使用盐可以降低亲水性链球菌暴发的风险。 （C）2014 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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