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Long-term variable rate lime and phosphorus application for piedmont no-till field crops

机译：山前免耕田间作物长期长期施用石灰和磷肥

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摘要

Variable rate (VR) fertilizer application is a paradigm with potential to improve input efficiency and farm profitability. It is widely marketed by commercial applicators in the southeastern US. However, field studies comparing VR with traditional management have not demonstrated consistent, positive results. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the soil impact, crop response and economic potential of VR phosphorus (P) and lime application in a North Carolina Piedmont no-till field crop system using intensive soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production and (2) to economically evaluate alternatives to standard commercial grid soil sampling for directing VR P and lime. A 23-ha long-term no-till field in the SE Piedmont was divided into 0.4 ha plots assigned to either VR or uniform P and lime application. Grid soil sampling and VR P and lime application were done prior to four crops over 3 years: full season soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)--double cropped soybean, and full season soybean. Soil test P, pH and crop yield response to VR P were inconsistent. Soil pH in areas with low pH initially did increase in response to VR lime, but it took two to three applications to bring all of these areas to the target pH. Once VR-liming raised initially low soil pH to levels close to target, yield of soybean, but not wheat, were up to 0.74 Mg ha~(-1) higher than with uniform lime. Even with significantly higher soybean yields associated with VR lime. 3 years of grid sampling and VR application were not profitable compared to uniform application. The results indicated that VR lime could be profitable if the initial grid sampling data were used either for 2 consecutive years, or if it was used to restrict future grid sampling to specificareas requiring further VR lime.
机译：可变速率（VR）施肥是一种提高输入效率和农场盈利能力的范例。它在美国东南部由商业涂胶机广泛销售。但是，将VR与传统管理进行比较的现场研究并未显示出一致，积极的结果。这项研究的目标是：（1）确定使用强化大豆的北卡罗莱纳州皮埃蒙特免耕田间耕作系统对VR，磷（P）和石灰的土壤影响，作物响应以及经济潜力，[Glycine max（L. ）[生产]和（2）在经济上评估用于指导VR P和石灰的标准商业网格土壤采样的替代方法。将东南皮埃蒙特一个23公顷的长期免耕田地分成0.4公顷的田地，分别分配给VR或统一施P和石灰。网格土壤采样以及VR P和石灰的施用均在3年中的4种作物之前进行：全季大豆，小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）-双季大豆和全季大豆。土壤测试磷，pH和作物产量对VR P的响应不一致。 pH值较低的地区的土壤pH值最初确实会随VR石灰的增加而增加，但需要两到三次施用才能使所有这些区域达到目标pH值。一旦VR-liming将最初的低土壤pH值提高到接近目标水平，大豆（而非小麦）的产量将比均匀石灰高出0.74 Mg ha〜（-1）。即使与VR石灰相关的大豆单产大大提高。与统一应用相比，3年的网格采样和VR应用无法获利。结果表明，如果连续两年使用初始网格采样数据，或者将其用于将未来网格采样限制在需要进一步VR石灰的特定区域，VR石灰可能会有利可图。

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