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Human population density explains alien species richness in protected areas

机译：人口密度解释了保护区内外来物种的丰富性

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Understanding the drivers of biological invasions, across taxa and regions, is important for designing appropriate management interventions. However there has been no work that has examined potential drivers of both plant and animal invasions, for both species considered to be aliens and those that are invasive. We use South Africa’s national park system (19 national parks, throughout South Africa and covering ~39,000 km2) as a model to test the generality of predictors of alien species richness inprotected areas. We also compare the predictors of alien versus invasive species richness, and alien plant versus alien animal species richness. Species were classified as alien, invasive (having known negative impact on biodiversity) or extralimital, using standard definitions. Potential predictors (numbers of years since the park was proclaimed and since new land was acquired, park area, data availability, human population density in the vicinity of the park, number of roads, number of rivers, indigenous plant species richness and normalised difference vegetation index) of the number of alien and invasive species in national parks were examined for plants and animals using generalised linear models. Human population density surrounding parks was a significant and strong predictor of numbers of alien and invasive species across plants and animals. The role of other predictors, such as NDVI and park age, was inconsistent across models. Human population density has emerged here as an important predictor of alien species richness in protected areas across taxa, providing a basis for guidelines on where to focus surveillance and eradication efforts.
机译：了解跨类群和地区生物入侵的动因，对于设计适当的管理干预措施很重要。但是，对于认为是外来物种的物种和那些是入侵物种的物种，还没有任何工作研究过动植物入侵的潜在驱动因素。我们使用南非国家公园系统（遍布南非的19个国家公园，覆盖约39,000平方公里）作为模型来测试保护区中外来物种丰富度的预测因子的一般性。我们还比较了外来物种与入侵物种丰富度，外来植物与外来动物物种丰富度的预测因子。根据标准定义，物种被分为外来物种，入侵物种（对生物多样性有负面影响）或超限物种。潜在的预测因素（自宣布公园以来，获得新土地以来的年限，公园面积，数据可用性，公园附近的人口密度，道路数量，河流数量，本地植物物种丰富度和标准化差异植被使用广义线性模型检查了国家公园中外来物种和入侵物种的数量）。公园周围的人口密度是跨植物和动物的外来和入侵物种数量的重要且强有力的预测指标。其他预测变量（例如NDVI和公园年龄）的作用在各个模型中并不一致。这里的人口密度已经成为整个分类单元保护区内外来物种丰富程度的重要预测指标，为指导重点监视和根除工作的基础奠定了基础。

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