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Perspectives offered by 'omics' approaches to sustainable herbivore production.

机译：“组学”方法为食草动物可持续生产提供的观点。

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摘要

The molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes are governed by the expression of many genes. The methods studying these complex processes have experienced tremendous technological advances over the past few years. Whereas in the past, molecular biology targeted a few genes chosen for their biological function, today, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics allow the simultaneously study of a large number of genes, proteins or metabolites, irrespective of their biological function. These new technologies will help to improve our understanding of the herbivore biology in a context of sustainable production. This short review presents some examples showing how "omics" may contribute to the improvement of economic production efficiency based on, for instance, the detection of markers of exposure to mycotoxins or of the potential to improve the metabolic and physiological efficiency of herbivores (partitioning of nutrients between tissues and organs, muscle differentiation for meat production, nutritional regulation of the expression of genes). "Omic" approaches can also contribute to the other pillars of sustainability: animal well-being (by revealing stress markers), protection of the environment (by controlling nitrogen emissions from the animals) and product quality (by controlling the fatty acid composition of products and by finding biomarkers of meat tenderness and of milk and meat flavour).
机译：生物学过程的分子机制受许多基因表达的支配。在过去的几年中，研究这些复杂过程的方法经历了巨大的技术进步。过去，分子生物学的目标是选择一些具有生物学功能的基因，而如今，基因组学，蛋白质组学和代谢组学可以同时研究大量基因，蛋白质或代谢产物，而不论其生物学功能如何。这些新技术将有助于在可持续生产的背景下增进对草食动物生物学的了解。这篇简短的评论提供了一些示例，这些示例显示了“组学”如何基于例如检测暴露于霉菌毒素的标志物或提高食草动物的代谢和生理效率的潜力（对食物的分配）来促进经济生产效率的提高。组织和器官之间的营养，用于肉类生产的肌肉分化，基因表达的营养调节）。 “组学”方法还可促进可持续性的其他支柱：动物福祉（通过显示压力标记），保护环境（通过控制动物释放的氮）和产品质量（通过控制产品的脂肪酸组成）并找到肉嫩，牛奶和肉味的生物标志物。

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