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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in Physical Geography >Multifunctional artificial reefs for small islands: An evaluation of amenity and opportunity for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores
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Multifunctional artificial reefs for small islands: An evaluation of amenity and opportunity for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores

机译：小岛上的多功能人工鱼礁：对亚速尔群岛圣米格尔岛的便利性和机会进行评估

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摘要

Multifunctional artificial reefs (MFARs) have been growing in popularity over the last decade. They are offshore submerged structures which provide coastal protection while also enhancing marine and recreational amenities such as surfing and beach widening. A feasibility study was undertaken for SAo Miguel Island (Azores) where island-wide general site-selection criteria and local site-specific parameters identified SAo Roque reef as a potential MFAR location. Expert knowledge addressed multidisciplinary aspects through semi-guided interviews, which provided evaluation criteria for the SAo Roque reef development. Wave changes before and after reef reprofiling were determined using the Regional Coastal Process WAVE propagation model (CEDAS/RCPWAVE). Results demonstrated additional coastal protection to the historic church and existing seawalls, and no adverse effects on the updrift SAo Roque and downdrift Populo Milicias beaches. Further simulation for an extended reef (30m seaward) showed model sensitivity together with a greater reduction in approaching wave heights. This analysis suggested that the further seaward the reef is extended, the greater the coastal protection afforded. It also denoted longer, rideable surfing waves and greater substrate surface area for marine colonization, while conversely having an increasing effect on downdrift Populo Milicias beach, construction costs and footprint impact. An optimal solution will provide a balance to these advantages and disadvantages. A SWOT analysis showed the potential of capitalizing internal strengths and external opportunities to offset internal weaknesses and external threats. With global growing emphasis on the importance of incorporating amenity values into coastal protection works, this research informs alternative solutions for other small islands, especially similar small volcanic islands.
机译：在过去的十年中，多功能人工鱼礁（MFAR）的受欢迎程度不断提高。它们是海上淹没结构，在提供海岸保护的同时还增强了海洋和娱乐设施，例如冲浪和海滩拓宽。对圣米格尔岛（亚速尔群岛）进行了可行性研究，该岛范围内的一般选址标准和当地特定地点的参数将圣罗克礁确定为潜在的MFAR地点。专家知识通过半指导性访谈解决了多学科问题，这为SAo Roque礁开发提供了评估标准。使用区域沿海过程WAVE传播模型（CEDAS / RCPWAVE）确定礁石重塑前后的波浪变化。结果表明，对历史悠久的教堂和现有海堤进行了额外的海岸保护，并且对上漂SAo Roque和下漂Populo Milicias海滩没有不利影响。对扩展礁石（向海30m）的进一步仿真显示了模型的敏感性以及接近波高的更大降低。该分析表明，珊瑚礁向海延伸得越远，对海岸的保护作用就越大。它也表示更长的，可骑行的冲浪波和更大的海洋殖民化底物表面积，而反之则对下漂Populo Milicias海滩，建筑成本和足迹影响增加了影响。最佳解决方案将在这些优点和缺点之间取得平衡。 SWOT分析显示了利用内部优势和外部机会来抵消内部弱点和外部威胁的潜力。随着全球越来越重视将便利设施价值纳入沿海保护工作的重要性，这项研究为其他小岛屿，尤其是类似的小火山岛提供了替代解决方案。

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