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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in brain research >Neural plasticity in tinnitus.
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Neural plasticity in tinnitus.

机译：耳鸣的神经可塑性。

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摘要

Two distinctly different kinds of tinnitus occur: objective and subjective tinnitus. Objective tinnitus is caused by sounds generated in the body while subjective tinnitus is caused by abnormal neural activity that is not evoked by sound. This chapter discusses subjective tinnitus. Subjective tinnitus has many forms. In most forms of tinnitus the anatomical location of the physiological abnormality is in the central nervous system, although the sensation is often referred to one ear or both ears. The cause of most forms of subjective tinnitus is the changes that have occurred as a result of expression of neural plasticity, thus a form of reprogramming of the brain that is not to the benefit of the individual person. Tinnitus often occurs together with hearing loss, indicating that the expression of neural plasticity has been evoked by deprivation of input. Tinnitus is often accompanied by hyperacusis, and sometimes phonophobia and depression, indicating altered processing of auditory information or rerouting of information. Several studies have brought evidence that some forms of tinnitus are associated with an abnormal involvement of the nonclassical (extralemniscal, diffuse, or polysensory) auditory pathways that bypass the primary auditory cerebral cortex and provide subcortical connections to limbic structures among others. There is no general treatment for tinnitus, but there are several treatments that can alleviate or reduce the tinnitus in some patients.
机译：发生两种截然不同的耳鸣：客观和主观耳鸣。客观性耳鸣是由体内产生的声音引起的，而主观性耳鸣是由声音引起的异常神经活动引起的。本章讨论主观耳鸣。主观耳鸣有多种形式。在大多数形式的耳鸣中，生理异常的解剖位置是在中枢神经系统中，尽管这种感觉通常是指一只耳朵或两只耳朵。大多数形式的主观耳鸣的原因是由于神经可塑性的表达而发生的变化，因此是大脑重编程的一种形式，不利于个人。耳鸣常与听力下降一起发生，表明神经可塑性的表达是由于缺乏输入而引起的。耳鸣常伴有听觉亢进，有时伴有仇视和沮丧情绪，表示听觉信息处理改变或信息重新路由。多项研究已经提供了证据，表明某种形式的耳鸣与非经典（外胚层，弥散或多感觉）听觉通路的异常参与有关，这些听觉通路绕过初级听觉大脑皮层，并提供了与边缘结构之间的皮层下连接。目前尚无针对耳鸣的一般治疗方法，但是有几种治疗方法可以减轻或减少某些患者的耳鸣。

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