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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in brain research >Endogenous opioid regulation of oxytocin and ACTH secretion during pregnancy and parturition.
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Endogenous opioid regulation of oxytocin and ACTH secretion during pregnancy and parturition.

机译：妊娠和分娩期间内源性阿片样物质调节催产素和促肾上腺皮质激素的分泌。

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Progress of parturition in the rat is optimal when there is increased oxytocin secretion, thus ensuring quick birth and otherwise risking adverse neonatal health. To ensure that the mechanisms for this are available, oxytocin neurons adapt in pregnancy and this includes development of a tonic inhibition by endogenous opioids. Endogenous opioid inhibition of oxytocin secretion increases in pregnancy, initially acting on the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary and later on oxytocin cell bodies and their inputs. This inhibition enhances stores of oxytocin and enables restraint of oxytocin neuron responsiveness to selected excitatory inputs. The hypothalamic neurons which mediate stress also adapt in late pregnancy so that hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and oxytocin secretory responses to stressor exposure are attenuated. This is also partly due to endogenous opioid inhibition. Thus, in pregnancy oxytocin and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis secretion in response to stimulation is restrained, protecting the unborn fetus(es) from premature delivery and glucocorticoid exposure and preparing the oxytocin neurons for their important secretory role during parturition. In parturition itself, endogenous opioids continue to inhibit these neurons. Stress exposure during parturition delays births, probably due to endogenous opioid inhibition of pulsatile oxytocin secretion. On the other hand, basal ACTH and corticosterone secretion are reduced in parturition through inhibition by endogenous opioids. So, opioids continue to regulate the activity of oxytocin and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal mechanisms in labor; inhibition of oxytocin neurons at this time may control the spacing of pup births.
机译：当催产素分泌增加时，大鼠的分娩进展是最佳的，从而确保了快速分娩，否则有不利于新生儿健康的风险。为了确保有这种机制，催产素神经元会在妊娠中适应，这包括内源性阿片类药物对补品的抑制作用。怀孕期间内源性阿片样物质对催产素分泌的抑制作用增加，最初作用于垂体后叶的神经末梢，随后作用于催产素细胞体及其输入。这种抑制作用增加了催产素的储存，并能够抑制催产素对所选兴奋性输入的神经元反应。介导压力的下丘脑神经元也可在妊娠晚期适应，从而减弱了下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和催产素对应激暴露的分泌反应。这也部分是由于内源性阿片样物质抑制。因此，在妊娠中催产素和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的刺激响应受到抑制，从而保护未出生的胎儿免于过早分娩和糖皮质激素的暴露，并使催产素神经元在分娩过程中发挥重要的分泌作用。在分娩过程中，内源性阿片类药物继续抑制这些神经元。分娩期间的应激暴露可能延迟生育，这可能是由于内源性阿片类药物抑制搏动性催产素分泌所致。另一方面，通过内源性阿片类药物的抑制作用，分娩时基础ACTH和皮质酮分泌减少。因此，阿片类药物在产程中继续调节催产素的活性和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺的机制。此时抑制催产素神经元可能会控制幼崽的出生间隔。

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