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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in brain research >Where the rubber meets the road: netrin expression and function in developing and adult nervous systems.
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Where the rubber meets the road: netrin expression and function in developing and adult nervous systems.

机译：橡胶遇到问题的地方：netrin在发育中的和成人神经系统中的表达和功能。

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摘要

Netrins are a family of secreted proteins that direct the migration of cells and axonal growth cones during neural development. They are bifunctional cues, attracting some cell types and repelling others. Netrins function as either short- or long-range cues, in some circumstances acting close to the surface of the cells that produce them and in other cases at a distance. Two classes of receptors mediate the response to netrin-1, the deleted in colorectal cancer family and the UNC-5 homolog family. Although netrin function has been extensively studied in the embryonic nervous system, netrin-1 is expressed in the adult mammalian spinal cord at a level similar to that in the embryonic CNS. In the adult and embryonic CNS, the majority of netrin-1 protein is not freely soluble but is associated with membranes and extracellular matrix. This distribution is consistent with netrin-1 acting as a short-range cue. Here we present a model whereby netrin-1 in the embryonic neural epithelium could act as a membrane-associated long-range cue. Netrin-1 is expressed in the adult by multiple types of neurons and by myelinating glia: oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS. In the white matter of the adult CNS, netrin-1 protein is absent from compact myelin but enriched in periaxonal myelin at the interface between axons and oligodendrocytes. This distribution suggests that in the adult nervous system netrin-1 may function to mediate cell-cell interactions. Furthermore, netrin receptor expression persists in neurons following injury, raising the possibility that netrin-1 may influence axonal regeneration.
机译：Netrins是一类分泌蛋白，可指导神经发育过程中细胞和轴突生长锥的迁移。它们是双功能提示，吸引了某些细胞类型而排斥其他细胞类型。 Netrins可以作为短距离或远距离线索，在某些情况下，其作用接近产生它们的细胞表面，而在另一些情况下，则具有一定的距离。两类受体介导对netrin-1的应答，即在大肠癌家族和UNC-5同源家族中缺失的受体。尽管netrin功能已在胚胎神经系统中进行了广泛研究，但netrin-1在成年哺乳动物脊髓中的表达水平与胚胎CNS中的表达水平相似。在成年和胚胎中枢神经系统中，大多数netrin-1蛋白不是自由溶解的，而是与膜和细胞外基质有关。这种分布与netrin-1充当近程提示是一致的。在这里，我们介绍了一种模型，其中胚胎神经上皮中的netrin-1可以充当与膜相关的远程提示。 Netrin-1在成年人中通过多种类型的神经元和髓鞘神经胶质细胞表达：CNS中的少突胶质细胞和PNS中的雪旺氏细胞。在成年中枢神经系统的白质中，紧密髓鞘中不存在netrin-1蛋白，但在轴突与少突胶质细胞之间的界面富含轴突髓鞘。这种分布表明，在成人神经系统中，netrin-1可能起到介导细胞间相互作用的作用。此外，netrin受体表达在损伤后的神经元中持续存在，从而增加了netrin-1可能影响轴突再生的可能性。

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