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Hallucinations, psuedohallucinations, and parahallucinations.

机译：幻觉，伪卤化和副卤化。

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摘要

BACKGROUND: There are several clinical phenomena that resemble hallucinations which are inadequately studied because the terminology defining them is inadequate. METHODS: A review of the relevant literature, identified by searches of Ovid and PubMed databases. RESULTS: A historical review reveals that the term pseudohallucination has been used to describe several separate and unrelated phenomena. Herein this term is redefined, and an additional term, parahallucinations, is introduced. Hallucinations are defined as sensory perceptions that have the compelling sense of reality of true perceptions but that occur without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ and are experienced as following the sensory path, that is, can be localized in three-dimensional space outside the body. Pseudohallucinations are defined as hallucinatory phenomena that do not follow the sensory path and are experienced predominantly by psychiatrically ill subjects. Parahallucinations are defined as hallucinatory phenomena that occur due to an injury or abnormality to the peripheral nervous system. Insight into the reality of these experiences-the realization that they are not real-is not felt to be important in their phenomenology. CONCLUSION: Utilization of this classification system during clinical investigations will yield greater insight into the pathophysiology, course, treatment, and prognosis of psychiatric and neurologic disorders.
机译：背景：由于幻觉的定义不充分，因此有许多类似于幻觉的临床现象尚未得到充分研究。方法：通过搜索Ovid和PubMed数据库确定相关文献。结果：历史回顾表明，假卤化已被用来描述几种独立且无关的现象。在此，该术语被重新定义，并且引入了另外的术语，副卤代。幻觉被定义为具有令人信服的真实感知的真实感，但在没有外部刺激相关感觉器官的情况下发生的感觉，并且会随着感觉路径而经历，即可以定位在体外的三维空间中。假卤化现象定义为幻觉现象，其不遵循感觉路径，并且主要由精神病患者经历。准卤化定义为由于周围神经系统受伤或异常而产生的幻觉现象。洞察这些经验的真实性（认识到它们不是真实的）在其现象学上并不重要。结论：在临床研究中使用该分类系统将使人们对精神病和神经病的病理生理，病程，治疗和预后有更深入的了解。

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