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Limitations of a Single-Item Assessment of Suicide Attempt History: Implications for Standardized Suicide Risk Assessment

机译：自杀未遂历史单项评估的局限性：对标准化自杀风险评估的启示

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Although a suicide attempt history is among the single best predictors of risk for eventual death by suicide, little is known about the extent to which reporting of suicide attempts may vary by assessment type. The current study aimed to investigate the correspondence between suicide attempt history information obtained via a single-item self-report survey, multi-item self-report survey, and face-to-face clinical interview. Data were collected among a high-risk sample of undergraduates (N = 100) who endorsed a past attempt on a single-item prescreening survey. Participants subsequently completed a multi-item self-report survey, which was followed by a face-to-face clinical interview, both of which included additional questions regarding the timing and nature of previous attempts. Even though 100% of participants (n = 100) endorsed a suicide attempt history on the single-item prescreening survey, only 67% (n = 67) reported having made a suicide attempt on the multi-item follow-up survey. After incorporating ancillary information from the in-person interview, 60% of participants qualified for a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-defined suicide attempt. Of the 40% who did not qualify for a CDC-defined suicide attempt, 30% instead qualified for no attempt, 7% an aborted attempt, and 3% an interrupted attempt. These findings suggest that single-item assessments of suicide attempt history may result in the misclassification of prior suicidal behaviors. Given that such assessments are commonly used in research and clinical practice, these results emphasize the importance of utilizing follow-up questions and assessments to improve precision in the characterization and assessment of suicide risk.
机译：尽管自杀未遂史是自杀最终导致死亡风险的唯一最佳预测指标之一，但对于自杀未遂报告的程度可能因评估类型而异的情况知之甚少。本研究旨在调查通过单项自我报告调查，多项自我报告调查和面对面临床访谈获得的自杀未遂历史信息之间的对应关系。在高风险的大学生样本（N = 100）中收集了数据，这些样本支持过去对单项预筛选调查的尝试。参与者随后完成了一项多项目自我报告调查，随后进行了面对面的临床访谈，这两项访谈都包括有关先前尝试的时间和性质的其他问题。即使100％的参与者（n = 100）在单项预筛查调查中认可了自杀未遂的历史，但只有67％（n = 67）的参与者在多项随访调查中自杀了。在结合了来自面试的辅助信息后，有60％的参与者符合疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）定义的自杀企图。在40％不符合CDC定义的自杀企图的人中，30％相反不符合尝试的资格，7％为中止的尝试，3％为中止的尝试。这些发现表明，对自杀未遂历史的单项评估可能会导致先前自杀行为的分类错误。鉴于此类评估通常用于研究和临床实践，因此这些结果强调了利用后续问题和评估来提高自杀风险表征和评估准确性的重要性。

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