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Formal models in animal-metacognition research: the problem of interpreting animals' behavior

机译:动物认知研究中的正式模型:解释动物行为的问题

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Ongoing research explores whether animals have precursors to metacognition-that is, the capacity to monitor mental states or cognitive processes. Comparative psychologists have tested apes, monkeys, rats, pigeons, and a dolphin using perceptual, memory, foraging, and information-seeking paradigms. The consensus is that some species have a functional analog to human metacognition. Recently, though, associative modelers have used formal-mathematical models hoping to describe animals' "metacognitive" performances in associative-behaviorist ways. We evaluate these attempts to reify formal models as proof of particular explanations of animal cognition. These attempts misunderstand the content and proper application of models. They embody mistakes of scientific reasoning. They blur fundamental distinctions in understanding animal cognition. They impede theoretical development. In contrast, an energetic empirical enterprise is achieving strong success in describing the psychology underlying animals' metacognitive performances. We argue that this careful empirical work is the clear path to useful theoretical development. The issues raised here about formal modeling-in the domain of animal metacognition-potentially extend to biobehavioral research more broadly.
机译:正在进行的研究探讨了动物是否具有元认知的先驱,即元认知能力监控精神状态或认知过程。比较心理学家已经使用感知,记忆,觅食和寻求信息的范例对猿,猴,大鼠,鸽子和海豚进行了测试。共识是某些物种具有人类元认知的功能类似物。但是,最近,关联建模者使用形式数学模型,希望以关联行为主义者的方式描述动物的“元认知”表现。我们评估这些尝试以形式化模型作为动物认知的特殊解释的证据。这些尝试会误解模型的内容和正确应用。它们体现了科学推理的错误。他们模糊了在理解动物认知方面的根本区别。它们阻碍了理论发展。相反,一个充满活力的经验企业在描述动物元认知行为的心理学方面取得了巨大的成功。我们认为,这项仔细的经验工作是有益的理论发展的明确途径。在这里,有关形式建模的问题(在动物元认知领域)有可能更广泛地扩展到生物行为研究。

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