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Meta-analysis of age and skill effects on recalling chess positions and selecting the best move

机译：对年龄和技能影响进行荟萃分析的方法，以调出下棋位置和选择最佳棋局

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A meta-analysis was conducted of studies that measured the effects of both age and skill in chess on the tasks of selecting the best move for chess positions (the best move task) as well as recalling chess game positions (the recall task). Despite a small sample of studies, we demonstrated that there are age and skill effects on both tasks: age being negatively associated with performance on both tasks and skill being positively associated with performance on both tasks. On the best move task, we found that skill was the dominant effect, while on the recall task, skill and age were approximately equally strong effects. We also found that skill was best measured by the best move task. In the case of the best move task, this result is consistent with the argument that it accurately replicates expert performance (Ericsson & Smith, 1991). Results for the recall task argue that this task captures effects related to skill, but also effects likely due to a general aging process. Implications for our understanding of aging in skilled domains are also discussed.
机译：对研究进行了荟萃分析，这些研究测量了国际象棋的年龄和技能对选择最佳棋局动作（最佳棋局任务）以及召回棋局位置（召回任务）的影响。尽管进行了少量研究，但我们证明了年龄和技能对两项任务都有影响：年龄与两项任务的绩效均呈负相关，而技能与两项任务的绩效均呈正相关。在最佳举动任务上，我们发现技能是主导效应，而在召回任务上，技能和年龄则是同样强的效应。我们还发现，最好的移动任务可以最好地衡量技能。在最佳执行任务的情况下，该结果与这样的论点是一致的，即它可以准确地复制专家的表现（Ericsson＆Smith，1991）。召回任务的结果表明，该任务不仅捕获与技能有关的效果，而且还捕获由于一般老化过程而产生的效果。还讨论了我们对技术领域中的老化的理解的含义。

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