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Heuristic and analytic processes in reasoning: An event-related potential study of belief bias

机译：推理中的启发式和分析过程：与事件相关的信念偏见潜力研究

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摘要

Human reasoning involves both heuristic and analytic processes. This study of belief bias in relational reasoning investigated whether the two processes occur serially or in parallel. Participants evaluated the validity of problems in which the conclusions were either logically valid or invalid and either believable or unbelievable. Problems in which the conclusions presented a conflict between the logically valid response and the believable response elicited a more positive P3 than problems in which there was no conflict. This shows that P3 is influenced by the interaction of belief and logic rather than either of these factors on its own. These findings indicate that belief and logic influence reasoning at the same time, supporting models in which belief-based and logical evaluations occur in parallel but not theories in which belief-based heuristic evaluations precede logical analysis.
机译：人类推理涉及启发式和分析性过程。对关系推理中信念偏见的这项研究调查了这两个过程是串行发生还是并行发生。参与者评估了结论在逻辑上有效或无效，可信或可信的问题的有效性。结论中在逻辑上有效的回答与可信的回答之间存在冲突的问题比没有冲突的问题引起了更积极的P3。这表明P3受信念和逻辑相互作用的影响，而不是受这些因素影响的任何一个。这些发现表明，信念和逻辑同时影响推理，支持基于信念和逻辑评估并行发生的模型，但不支持基于信念的启发式评估先于逻辑分析的理论。

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