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首页> 外文期刊>Progress in Neurobiology: An International Review Journal >Head direction cells and the neurophysiological basis for a sense of direction.
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Head direction cells and the neurophysiological basis for a sense of direction.

机译：头部方向细胞和神经生理学基础有关一种方向感。

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摘要

Animals require two types of fundamental information for accurate navigation: location and directional heading. Current theories hypothesize that animals maintain a neural representation, or cognitive map, of external space in the brain. Whereas cells in the rat hippocampus and parahippocampal regions encode information about location, a second type of allocentric spatial cell encodes information about the animal's directional heading, independent of the animal's on-going behaviors. These head direction (HD) cells are found in several areas of the classic Papez circuit. This review focuses on experimental studies conducted on HD cells and describes their discharge properties, functional significance, role in path integration, and responses to different environmental manipulations. The anterior dorsal thalamic nucleus appears critical for the generation of the directional signal. Both motor and vestibular cues also play important roles in the signal's processing. The neural network models proposed to account for HD cell firing are compared with known empirical findings. Examples from clinical cases of patients with topographical disorientation are also discussed. It is concluded that studying the neural mechanisms underlying the HD signal provides an excellent opportunity for understanding how the mammalian nervous system processes a high level cognitive signal.
机译：动物需要两种基本信息才能准确导航：位置和方向航向。当前的理论假设动物保持大脑外部空间的神经表示或认知图。大鼠海马和海马旁区域的细胞编码有关位置的信息，而同心异位空间细胞的第二种类型则编码与动物的定向有关的信息，而与动物的持续行为无关。这些头方向（HD）单元位于经典Papez电路的多个区域中。这篇综述着重于对高清细胞进行的实验研究，并描述了它们的放电特性，功能意义，在路径整合中的作用以及对不同环境操作的反应。丘脑前背核对方向信号的产生至关重要。运动信号和前庭信号在信号的处理中也起着重要的作用。提出的用于解释高清细胞放电的神经网络模型与已知的经验发现进行了比较。还讨论了来自地形迷失患者的临床案例。结论是，研究高清信号的神经机制为了解哺乳动物神经系统如何处理高水平的认知信号提供了极好的机会。

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