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Models to understand contractile function in the airways.

机译:用于理解呼吸道收缩功能的模型。

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Although the role of contractile function in the airways is controversial, there is general consensus on the importance of airway smooth muscle (ASM) as a therapeutic target for diseases characterized by airway obstruction, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Indeed, the use of bronchodilators to relax ASM is the most common and effective practice to treat airflow obstruction. Excessive pathologic bronchoconstriction may originate from primary alterations of ASM mechanical function and/or from the effects exerted on ASM function by disease processes, such as inflammation and remodeling. An in depth knowledge of the potentially multiple mechanisms that distinctively regulate primary and secondary alterations in ASM contractile function would be essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing the occurrence or reducing the severity of bronchoconstriction. The present review discusses studies that have addressed the mechanisms of altered ASM contractile function in models of airway hyperresponsiveness. Although not comprehensively, in the present review, animal models of intrinsic airway hyperresponsiveness, normal ontogenesis, and allergic sensitization are analyzed in the attempt to summarize the current knowledge on regulatory mechanisms of ASM contractile function in health and disease. Studies in human ASM and the need for additional models to understand contractile function in the airways are also discussed.
机译:尽管收缩功能在气道中的作用尚存争议,但人们普遍认为气道平滑肌(ASM)作为以气道阻塞为特征的疾病(例如哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病)的治疗靶标的重要性。的确,使用支气管扩张剂放松ASM是治疗气流阻塞的最常见和最有效的方法。过度的病理性支气管收缩可能源于ASM机械功能的主要改变和/或疾病过程(例如炎症和重塑)对ASM功能的影响。深入了解潜在地调控ASM收缩功能的主要和次要改变的多种机制,对于开发旨在预防支气管狭窄或减轻其严重程度的新治疗方法至关重要。本综述讨论了解决气道高反应性模型中ASM收缩功能改变机制的研究。尽管不全面,但在本综述中,对内在气道高反应性,正常本体发生和过敏性致敏的动物模型进行了分析,以试图总结有关ASM收缩功能在健康和疾病中调控机制的最新知识。还讨论了人类ASM的研究以及对了解气道收缩功能的其他模型的需求。

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