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Gold-Catalyzed Cyanosilylation Reaction;Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Pathways

机译：金催化氰基硅烷化反应;均相和异构途径

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摘要

Gold had been considered to be an extremely inert metal,but recently it was found that nanometer-sized gold particles on metal-oxide supports acted as catalysts for simple organic reactions,such as oxidation and hydrogenation,even at or below room temperature.Herein,we report that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of zero oxidation state (Au~0).are catalytically active for a C-C bond-forming reaction,the cyanosilylation of aldehydes.The AuNP-catalyzed cyanosilylation proceeded smoothly at room temperature with 0.2 wt% loading of AuNPs.The reactions of aromatic aldehydes were almost quantitative,except for benzaldehyde derivatives containing the electron-withdrawing NO_2 group,and alpha,beta-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes were the most reactive substrates.The reactions also went smoothly for aliphatic aldehydes.Mechanistic studies indicated that the reactions proceeded both homogeneously and heterogeneously;homogeneous catalysis by leached gold species and heterogeneous catalysis by the adsorption of the reactants (aldehydes and trimethylsilyl cyanide) onto AuNPs.The ratio of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis was estimated to be approx=4:1.
机译：金被认为是一种极惰性的金属，但最近发现，即使在室温或低于室温的情况下，金属氧化物载体上的纳米级金颗粒也可以充当简单有机反应（例如氧化和氢化）的催化剂。我们报道了零氧化态（Au〜0）的金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）对CC键形成反应具有催化活性，醛的氰基化作用.AuNP催化的氰基化反应在室温下顺利进行，负载量为0.2 wt％芳香醛的反应几乎是定量的，除了含有吸电子NO_2基团的苯甲醛衍生物，而且α，β-不饱和芳香醛是反应性最强的底物。对于脂肪醛，反应也很顺利。反应均质和非均质进行;浸出金的均相催化和吸附剂的非均相催化将反应物（醛和三甲基甲硅烷基氰化物）转移到AuNPs上。均相和非均相催化的比率估计约为4：1。

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