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首页> 外文期刊>Psychology and aging >Age Differences in Conscious Versus Subconscious Social Perception: The Influence of Face Age and Valence on Gaze Following
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Age Differences in Conscious Versus Subconscious Social Perception: The Influence of Face Age and Valence on Gaze Following

机译：意识与潜意识的社会感知中的年龄差异：面孔年龄和价态对注视的影响

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Gaze following is the primary means of establishing joint attention with others and is subject to age-related decline. In addition, young but not older adults experience an own-age bias in gaze following. The current research assessed the effects of subconscious processing on these age-related differences. Participants responded to targets that were either congruent or incongruent with the direction of gaze displayed in supraliminal and subliminal images of young and older faces. These faces displayed either neutral (Study 1) or happy and fearful (Study 2) expressions. In Studies 1 and 2, both age groups demonstrated gaze-directed attention by responding faster to targets that were congruent as opposed to incongruent with gaze-cues. In Study 1, subliminal stimuli did not attenuate the age-related decline in gaze-cuing, but did result in an own-age bias among older participants. In Study 2, gaze-cuing was reduced for older relative to young adults in response to supraliminal stimuli, and this could not be attributed to reduced visual acuity or age group differences in the perceived emotional intensity of the gaze-cue faces. Moreover, there were no age differences in gaze-cuing when responding to subliminal faces that were emotionally arousing. In addition, older adults demonstrated an own-age bias for both conscious and subconscious gaze-cuing when faces expressed happiness but not fear. We discuss growing evidence for age-related preservation of subconscious relative to conscious social perception, as well as an interaction between face age and valence in social perception.
机译：注视跟随是建立与他人共同关注的主要手段，并且会因年龄而下降。另外，年轻但不是成年人在注视中会出现年龄偏见。当前的研究评估了潜意识加工对这些与年龄有关的差异的影响。参与者对与年轻和年长面孔的上，下阈值图像中显示的凝视方向一致或不一致的目标做出了反应。这些面孔显示中性（研究1）或高兴和恐惧（研究2）的表情。在研究1和研究2中，两个年龄段的人都对凝视定向的注意力表现出更快的反应，他们对与凝视提示不一致的目标做出了更快的反应。在研究1中，阈下刺激并未减弱与年龄相关的凝视提示下降，但确实导致了较年长参与者的年龄偏见。在研究2中，相对于年轻人，老年人对上耳骨上刺激的凝视效果有所降低，这不能归因于视敏度的降低或年龄组在凝视提示脸的情绪强度上的差异。此外，在回应情绪下引起的潜意识面孔时，凝视提示没有年龄差异。此外，当面孔表达快乐但不惧怕时，老年人在有意识和无意识的凝视方面都表现出年龄偏见。我们讨论了越来越多的证据表明，与意识相关的社会知觉与年龄相关的潜意识的保存，以及面部年龄与社会知觉中的价之间的相互作用。

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