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Effects of Cognitive Training With and Without Aerobic Exercise on Cognitively Demanding Everyday Activities

机译：进行有氧运动和不进行有氧运动的认知训练对日常需要认知活动的影响

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We investigated the potential benefits of a novel cognitive-training protocol and an aerobic exercise intervention, both individually and in concert, on older adults' performances in laboratory simulations of select real-world tasks. The cognitive training focused on a range of cognitive processes, including' attentional coordination, prospective memory, and retrospective-memory retrieval, processes that are likely involved in many everyday tasks, and that decline with age. Primary outcome measures were 3 laboratory tasks that simulated everyday activities: Cooking Breakfast, Virtual Week, and Memory for Health Information. Two months of cognitive training improved older adults' performance on prospective-memory tasks embedded in Virtual Week. Cognitive training, either alone or in combination with 6 months of aerobic exercise, did not significantly improve Cooking Breakfast or Memory for Health Information. Although gains in aerobic power were comparable with previous reports, aerobic exercise did not produce improvements for the primary outcome measures. Discussion focuses on the possibility that cognitive-training'programs that include explicit strategy instruction and varied practice contexts may confer gains to older adults for performance on cognitively challenging everyday tasks.
机译：我们在选择的真实世界任务的实验室模拟中，分别调查了新的认知训练方案和有氧运动干预对老年人的表现的潜在益处，无论是单独还是协同进行。认知训练集中于一系列认知过程，包括注意力协调，前瞻性记忆和回顾性记忆检索，这些过程可能涉及许多日常任务，并且会随着年龄的增长而下降。主要结果指标是模拟日常活动的3个实验室任务：烹饪早餐，虚拟周和健康信息记忆。两个月的认知训练改善了老年人在虚拟周中嵌入的预期记忆任务的表现。认知训练，无论是单独进行还是与6个月的有氧运动结合使用，都不能显着改善烹饪早餐或对健康信息的记忆。尽管有氧运动能力的增加与以前的报告相当，但有氧运动并未改善主要结局指标。讨论的重点是，包括明确的策略指导和变化的实践环境在内的“认知训练”计划可能会给老年人带来在认知上具有挑战性的日常任务中表现的收益。

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