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首页> 外文期刊>Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of the American Psychosomatic Society >Cultural models and somatic syndromes.
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Cultural models and somatic syndromes.

机译：文化模型和躯体综合症。

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OBJECTIVES: To review the relevance of cultural models in the generation and amplification of somatic symptoms and syndromes. METHODS: Based on a selective review of literature, we examine evidence that cultural and personal explanatory models can contribute to the pathogenesis, symptomatology, and chronicity of medically unexplained symptoms and functional somatic syndromes. RESULTS: In the contemporary world, culture involves flows of information, roles, and institutions that offer individuals multiple models for understanding illness. Cultural models include 1) explanatory models, which make causal attributions and impute specific mechanisms or processes of pathophysiology; 2) prototypes, which are salient images or exemplars drawn from personal experience, family, friends, mass media, and popular culture that are used to reason analogically about one's own condition; and 3) implicit models and procedural knowledge that may be difficult to articulate because they are embedded in body practices and ways of experiencing distress. Symptom attributions and explanations can participate in vicious circles of symptom amplification that give rise to culture-specific varieties of panic disorder, hypochondriacal worry, and medically unexplained symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical research using the methods of experimental cognitive and social psychology as well as community-based ethnographic and ecological research are needed to advance our understanding of the impact of personal and cultural models on somatic distress. Nevertheless, the current state of knowledge on social and cultural dimensions of somatic syndromes suggests a typology of forms of psychosomatic and sociosomatic looping that has implications for the nosology of somatoform disorders.
机译：目的：回顾文化模型在躯体症状和综合症的产生和扩大中的相关性。方法：基于对文献的选择性回顾，我们研究了证据，表明文化和个人解释模型可导致医学上无法解释的症状和功能性躯体综合症的发病机制，症状学和慢性病。结果：在当今世界，文化涉及信息流，角色和机构，为个人提供了多种理解疾病的模型。文化模型包括：1）解释模型，其做出因果归因并推论特定的病理生理机制或过程; 2）原型，是从个人经验，家庭，朋友，大众媒体和大众文化中汲取的显着图像或范例，用于以类比的方式推论自己的状况; 3）隐含的模型和程序知识可能难以表达，因为它们嵌入了身体行为和经历痛苦的​​方式中。症状归因和解释可能会参与症状扩大的恶性循环，从而导致特定文化的恐慌症，软骨下忧虑和医学上无法解释的症状。结论：需要使用实验性认知和社会心理学方法进行临床研究以及基于社区的人种志和生态学研究，以增进我们对个人和文化模式对躯体困扰的影响的理解。然而，关于躯体综合症的社会和文化维度的当前知识水平表明，心身和社会体循环的形式的类型学对躯体形式障碍的疾病学有影响。

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