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首页> 外文期刊>Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of the American Psychosomatic Society >History of psycho-oncology: overcoming attitudinal and conceptual barriers.
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History of psycho-oncology: overcoming attitudinal and conceptual barriers.

机译：心理肿瘤学的历史：克服态度和观念上的障碍。

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The formal beginnings of psycho-oncology date to the mid-1970s, when the stigma making the word "cancer" unspeakable was diminished to the point that the diagnosis could be revealed and the feelings of patients about their illness could be explored for the first time. However, a second stigma has contributed to the late development of interest in the psychological dimensions of cancer: negative attitudes attached to mental illness and psychological problems, even in the context of medical illness. It is important to understand these historical underpinnings because they continue to color contemporary attitudes and beliefs about cancer and its psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial problems. Over the last quarter of the past century, psycho-oncology became a subspecialty of oncology with its own body of knowledge contributing to cancer care. In the new millennium, a significant base of literature, training programs, and a broad research agenda have evolved with applications at all points on the cancer continuum: behavioral research in changing lifestyle and habits to reduce cancer risk; study of behaviors and attitudes to ensure early detection; study of psychological issues related to genetic risk and testing; symptom control (anxiety, depression, delirium, pain, and fatigue) during active treatment; management of psychological sequelae in cancer survivors; and management of the psychological aspects of palliative and end-of-life care. Links between psychological and physiological domains of relevance to cancer risk and survival are being actively explored through psychoneuroimmunology. Research in these areas will occupy the research agenda for the first quarter of the new century. At the start of the third millennium, psycho-oncology has come of age as one of the youngest subspecialties of oncology, as one of the most clearly defined subspecialties of consultation-liaison psychiatry, and as an example of the value of a broad multidisciplinary application of the behavioral and social sciences.
机译：心理肿瘤学的正式起源可以追溯到1970年代中期，当时使“癌症”一词难以言喻的污名减少到可以诊断的程度，并且可以首次探究患者对疾病的感受。然而，第二个污名导致了人们对癌症的心理方面兴趣的后期发展：即使在医学疾病的背景下，对精神疾病和心理问题也持消极态度。了解这些历史基础很重要，因为它们继续使当代人们对癌症及其精神病合并症和社会心理问题的态度和信念更加鲜明。在上个世纪的最后25年中，心理肿瘤学成为了肿瘤学的一个子专业，其自身的知识体系为癌症治疗做出了贡献。在新的千年中，大量的文献资料，培训计划和广泛的研究议程已经发展起来，并在癌症连续体的各个方面都得到了应用：改变生活方式和习惯以降低癌症风险的行为研究;研究行为和态度以确保及早发现;研究与遗传风险和检测有关的心理问题;积极治疗期间的症状控制（焦虑，抑郁，del妄，疼痛和疲劳）;癌症幸存者的心理后遗症管理;以及姑息治疗和临终关怀的心理方面的管理。通过心理神经免疫学正在积极探索与癌症风险和生存相关的心理和生理领域之间的联系。这些领域的研究将占据新世纪第一季度的研究议程。在第三个千年之初，心理肿瘤学已经成为肿瘤学中最年轻的子专业之一，它是咨询联络精神病学中定义最明确的子专业之一，并且是广泛的多学科应用价值的一个例子。行为和社会科学。

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