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Social influences on health: is serotonin a critical mediator?

机译：社会对健康的影响：5-羟色胺是重要的调解人吗？

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摘要

The influence of social relationships on health has been well documented for many years, yet identifying the physiological mechanisms responsible for these effects has proved more challenging. This review assesses the potential role of the serotonin system in affecting sensitivity to the health-related effects of the social environment. Building on recent studies of genetic variation in the serotonin system, particularly focusing on a polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the serotonin transporter gene, we provide evidence that activity within the serotonin system is critically involved in setting sensitivity to social experiences. Furthermore, we highlight the effects of the 5-HTTLPR on sensitivity to both positive and negative social experiences. In a positive environment, individuals with the short allele, and particularly the short/short genotype, function better psychologically than those with the long/long genotype. Conversely, when exposed to adverse environments or in the absence of social support, individuals with the short allele are at high risk for a variety of negative health outcomes. This serotoninergic involvement in social sensitivity seems to occur in concert with other neurochemical systems, such as the opioid system, which will also be discussed. Although this differential sensitivity to social experiences is initially determined in the brain, it has physiological effects on downstream pathways that more directly affect disease mechanisms, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is a particular focus of this review. The serotonin system, as indexed by the 5-HTTLPR, is an important link between the social environment and health.
机译：社会关系对健康的影响已有很多年的文献记载，但是确定造成这些影响的生理机制却更具挑战性。这篇综述评估了5-羟色胺系统在影响对社会环境健康相关影响的敏感性方面的潜在作用。基于对5-羟色胺系统遗传变异的最新研究，特别是针对5-羟色胺转运蛋白基因的多态性（5-HTTLPR），我们提供了证据表明，5-羟色胺系统内的活动与设定对社会经验的敏感性密切相关。此外，我们重点介绍了5-HTTLPR对积极和消极社会经历的敏感性的影响。在积极的环境中，等位基因短的个体，特别是短/短基因型的个体，在心理上的功能要好于长/长基因型的个体。相反，当暴露于不利环境或缺乏社会支持时，等位基因较短的个体面临多种不利健康后果的高风险。血清素能参与社会敏感性似乎与其他神经化学系统（如阿片类药物系统）协同发生，这也将进行讨论。尽管这种对社会经历的不同敏感性最初是在大脑中确定的，但它对下游通路具有生理影响，而下游通路更直接地影响疾病机制，例如下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴，这是本文的重点。 5-HTTLPR索引的5-羟色胺系统是社会环境与健康之间的重要纽带。

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