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首页> 外文期刊>Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of the American Psychosomatic Society >Respiratory muscle tension as symptom generator in individuals with high anxiety sensitivity
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Respiratory muscle tension as symptom generator in individuals with high anxiety sensitivity

机译：焦虑敏感性高的人以呼吸肌张力为症状产生者

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OBJECTIVE: Anxiety and panic are associated with the experience of a range of bodily symptoms, in particular unpleasant breathing sensations (dyspnea). Respiratory theories of panic disorder have focused on disturbances in blood gas regulation, but respiratory muscle tension as a source of dyspnea has not been considered. We therefore examined the potential of intercostal muscle tension to elicit dyspnea in individuals with high anxiety sensitivity, a risk factor for developing panic disorder. METHODS: Individuals high and low in anxiety sensitivity (total N = 62) completed four tasks: electromyogram biofeedback for tensing intercostal muscle, electromyogram biofeedback for tensing leg muscles, paced breathing at three different speeds, and a fine motor task. Global dyspnea, individual respiratory sensations, nonrespiratory sensations, and discomfort were assessed after each task, whereas respiratory pattern (respiratory inductance plethysmography) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (capnography) were measured continuously. RESULTS: In individuals with high compared to low anxiety sensitivity, intercostal muscle tension elicited a particularly strong report of obstruction (M = 5.1, SD = 3.6 versus M = 2.5, SD = 3.0), air hunger (M = 1.9, SD = 2.1 versus M = 0.4, SD = 0.8), hyperventilation symptoms (M = 0.6, SD = 0.6 versus M = 0.1, SD = 0.1), and discomfort (M = 5.1, SD = 3.2 versus M = 2.2, SD = 2.1) (all p values <.05). This effect was not explained by site-unspecific muscle tension, voluntary manipulation of respiration, or sustained task-related attention. Nonrespiratory control sensations were not significantly affected by tasks (F < 1), and respiratory variables did not reflect any specific responding of high-Anxiety Sensitivity Index participants to intercostal muscle tension. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory muscle tension may contribute to the respiratory sensations experienced by panic-prone individuals. Theories and treatments for panic disorder should consider this potential source of symptoms.
机译：目的：焦虑和惊慌与一系列身体症状的经历有关，特别是令人不快的呼吸感觉（呼吸困难）。恐慌症的呼吸理论侧重于血液气体调节的紊乱，但尚未考虑呼吸肌张力作为呼吸困难的源头。因此，我们检查了具有高焦虑敏感性的个体中肋间肌张力引起呼吸困难的可能性，这是发展恐慌症的危险因素。方法：焦虑敏感性高和低的个体（总N = 62）完成了四个任务：肌电生物反馈拉紧肋间肌，肌电生物反馈拉紧腿部肌肉，以三种不同的速度进行节奏的呼吸以及精细的运动任务。每次任务后评估整体呼吸困难，个体呼吸感觉，非呼吸感觉和不适，而连续测量呼吸模式（呼吸电感体积描记法）和潮气二氧化碳（二氧化碳图）。结果：在焦虑敏感性高而不是焦虑的个体中，肋间肌张力引起了特别强烈的阻塞报告（M = 5.1，SD = 3.6 vs M = 2.5，SD = 3.0），空气饥饿（M = 1.9，SD = 2.1与M = 0.4，SD = 0.8相比），换气过度症状（M = 0.6，SD = 0.6与M = 0.1，SD = 0.1）和不适感（M = 5.1，SD = 3.2与M = 2.2，SD = 2.1）（所有p值<.05）。不能通过部位无特异性的肌肉张力，自愿进行呼吸操纵或持续的任务相关注意力来解释这种效果。非呼吸控制感觉不受任务的影响（F <1），呼吸变量没有反映高焦虑敏感性指数参与者对肋间肌张力的任何特定反应。结论：呼吸肌紧张可能会导致恐慌症患者的呼吸感觉。恐慌症的理论和治疗方法应考虑这种潜在的症状来源。

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