Broadband measurement of the scattering-to-attenuation ratio for Albunex at 37 degrees C.

Marsh JN; Hughes MS; Brandenburger GH; Miller JG

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Broadband measurement of the scattering-to-attenuation ratio for Albunex at 37 degrees C.

机译：在37摄氏度下宽带测量Albunex的散射/衰减比。

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The attenuation coefficient and backscatter coefficient of Albunex were measured over a wide range of concentrations and frequencies (at a temperature of 37 degrees C), and were used to calculate the scattering-to-attenuation ratio (STAR) value. Each of these quantities exhibited concentration dependence in agreement with predictions from simple scattering theory: the backscatter coefficient grew linearly with concentration, the power of the transmitted signal decreased exponentially with concentration due to attenuation, and the STAR was independent of concentration scaling. Because of the markedly differing concentration dependence, it is necessary to consider all of these quantities (not just the STAR value alone) when evaluating and comparing the potential efficacy of ultrasonic contrast agents.

机译：在较宽的浓度和频率范围内（在37摄氏度的温度下）测量Albunex的衰减系数和后向散射系数，并用于计算散射衰减比（STAR）值。这些量中的每一个都显示出浓度依赖性，这与简单散射理论的预测是一致的：反向散射系数随浓度线性增长，由于衰减导致发射信号的功率随浓度呈指数下降，而STAR与浓度标度无关。由于浓度依赖性存在明显差异，因此在评估和比较超声造影剂的潜在功效时，有必要考虑所有这些量（不仅是STAR值）。

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《Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology》 |1999年第8期|共4页
作者
Marsh JN; Hughes MS; Brandenburger GH; Miller JG;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类诊断学;
关键词
Albumins; Contrast Media; Temperature; Ultrasonography; Albunex; 白蛋白类; 造影剂; 温度; 超声检查;

机译：Albumins;Contrast Media;Temperature;Ultrasonography;Albunex;白蛋白类;造影剂;温度;超声检查;

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1. Broadband measurement of the scattering-to-attenuation ratio for Albunex at 37 degrees C. [J] . Marsh JN, Hughes MS, Brandenburger GH, Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology . 1999,第8期

机译：在37摄氏度下宽带测量Albunex的散射/衰减比。
2. IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Part 4. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalyti [J] . Schumann G, Bonora R, Ceriotti F, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine: CCLM . 2002,第7期

机译：IFCC在37摄氏度下测量酶催化活性浓度的主要参考程序。国际临床化学和实验室医学联合会。第4部分。催化测量的参考程序
3. IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Part 5. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalyti [J] . Schumann G, Bonora R, Ceriotti F, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine: CCLM . 2002,第7期

机译：IFCC在37摄氏度下测量酶催化活性浓度的主要参考程序。国际临床化学和实验室医学联合会。第5部分。催化测量的参考程序
4. Second harmonic imaging and harmonic Doppler measurements with Albunex [C] . Pi Hsien Chang, Shung, K.K. . 1994

机译：使用Albunex进行二次谐波成像和谐波多普勒测量
5. MARINE GEOLOGY OF THE BRAZILIAN CONTINENTAL MARGIN AND ADJACENT OCEANIC BASIN BETWEEN THE LATITUDES OF 23 DEGREES AND 37 DEGREES. [D] . GAMBOA, LUIZ ANTONIO PIERANTONI. 1981

机译：23度和37度纬度之间的巴西大陆陆缘和邻近海洋盆地的海洋地质。
6. Effects of lysophospholipids on Ca2+ transport in rat liver mitochondria incubated at physiological Ca2+ concentrations in the presence of Mg2+ phosphate and ATP at 37 degrees C. [O] . S Dalton, B P Hughes, G J Barritt 1984

机译：溶血磷脂对在37 Ca下在Mg2 +磷酸盐和ATP存在的条件下以生理Ca2 +浓度孵育的大鼠肝线粒体中Ca2 +转运的影响。
7. Endothermy of dynastine scarab beetles (Cyclocephala colasi) associated with pollination biology of a thermogenic arum lily (Philodendron solimoesense) : Cyclocephala colasi beetles are facultative endotherms that spend most of their adult lives inside the inflorescences of Philodendron solimoesense, where ambient temperature (Ta) averages about 28°C due to floral thermogenesis. Measurements of respiration within a range of Ta showed that active beetles became spontaneously endothermic at Ta below 28°C but were rarely endothermic above it. There was no evidence of endothermy within the inflorescences, indicating that activities in the floral chamber can occur without the high energy expense of endothermy. Bouts of endothermy occurred at lower Ta in respirometer chambers mainly in the evening, when the insects normally fly from one inflorescence to another, and during the night, when they normally eat and mate within the inflorescence. Patterns of endothermy in individual episodes were studied in non-flying beetles with respirometry and infrared thermal imaging. Heat was generated in the thorax by oscillatory waves of respiration that were coupled with thoracic temperature (Tth) increases. Stationary beetles could regulate Tth at about 33°C independently of Ta between 16 and 29°C. At Ta20°C, this represents a 116-fold increase in metabolic rate over resting, ectothermic values. Endothermy was clearly a requirement for flight, and beetles departing inflorescences warmed to about 30°C before take-off. During flight, Tth was dependent on Ta, decreasing from 37 to 28°C at Ta of 37 to 20°C, respectively. The lowest Ta at which flight could occur was about 20°C. Thermal conductance of stationary, endothermic beetles increased at higher metabolic rates, probably because of increased ventilatory heat loss. [O] . Seymour, R.S., White, C.R., Gibernau, Marc 2009

机译：与产热香芋百合（Philodendron solimoesense）授粉生物学相关的动态圣甲虫（Cyclocephala colasi）吸热：Cyclocephala colasi甲虫是兼性吸热体，它们大部分成年生活都在Philodendron solimoesense的花序中，其平均温度（Ta）由于花的生热作用，温度约为28°C。在Ta范围内的呼吸测量表明，活跃的甲虫在Ta低于28°C时会自发吸热，而在Ta高于28°C时很少吸热。在花序中没有吸热的迹象，表明花室中的活动可以在没有高的吸热能量消耗的情况下发生。吸热的爆发主要发生在晚上，当昆虫通常从一个花序飞到另一个花序时，以及在晚上，它们通常在花序中进食并交配时，在呼吸计室的较低Ta处发生。在非飞行甲虫中通过呼吸测定法和红外热成像研究了单个发作中的吸热模式。伴随着胸温（Tth）升高的呼吸振荡波在胸腔中产生热量。固定甲虫可以在约33°C的温度下调节Tth，而与Ta在16至29°C之间的温度无关。在Ta20°C下，这表示其代谢速率比静止的，等温的升高116倍。吸热显然是飞行的要求，离开花序的甲虫在起飞前会升温到约30°C。在飞行过程中，Tth取决于Ta，在Ta从37降至20°C时，Tth分别从37°C降至28°C。可能发生飞行的最低Ta约为20°C。固定的，吸热的甲虫的热导率以较高的代谢率增加，这可能是由于通风热损失增加所致。
8. Measurement of Thermal Diffusivity of Carbon/Carbon Fibre Composites from 20-3000 Degrees C. [R] . Taylor, R., Procter, R. N. 1978

机译：碳/碳纤维复合材料的热扩散系数测量范围为20-3000℃。

Broadband measurement of the scattering-to-attenuation ratio for Albunex at 37 degrees C.

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