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首页> 外文期刊>Quaternary Science Reviews: The International Multidisciplinary Review Journal >Long-term fluvial archives in Hungary: response of the Danube and Tisza rivers to tectonic movements and climatic changes during the Quaternary: a review and new synthesis
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Long-term fluvial archives in Hungary: response of the Danube and Tisza rivers to tectonic movements and climatic changes during the Quaternary: a review and new synthesis

机译：匈牙利的长期河流档案馆：多瑙河和提萨河对第四纪构造运动和气候变化的响应：综述和新综述

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The paper discusses the Quaternary evolution of the Danube and Tisza rivers and their main tributaries in the context of evolution of the entire Pannonian Basin, which is Europe's largest intramontane basin, within the Alp-Carpathian orogen. The palaeo-drainage reconstruction of the Pannonian Basin for the pre-Quaternary period is Outlined in connection with the gradual regression of Lake Pannon since the Late Miocene. Deltas of rivers that entered the basin from the northwest and northeast were gradually transformed into extended alluvial plains; thus, the earliest possible ancestor of the Danube coming southeastwards from the Alps could be as old as Late Miocene. By the Pliocene the whole Lake Parnnon was infilled. The former extensional basin formation was replaced by a compresional stress field, which resulted in an uplift of the marginal flanks and late-stage subsidence anomalies. The increasing relief led to the formation of the Quaternary drainage pattern. The actively subsiding young basins were filled by fluvial sediments, transported by the Danube and Tisza river systems from the uplifting mountains. Between the subsiding regions of the Little and Great Plains, the Danube has formed an antecedent valley with terrace staircases between the uplifting sections of the Transdanubian Range and the North Midmountains. The formation of the terraces is attributed to periodic climate changes during the Pleistocene combined with differences in the uplift rate. The paper gives a complex overview of the classical chronology of the six terraces based on various data sources: mostly dating of loess/paleosol sequences, travertines, aeolian sand, and tephra strata overlying the fluvial sediments, complemented by scattered vertebrate faunal data and archaeological evidence directly from the terrace sediments. The Quaternary drainage pattern evolution of the Great Plain, with a strong tectonic control, is discussed in detail. Rivers originating from the uplifting marginal areas were drawn towards the subsiding depressions which served as local base level. Changes in subsidence rates in space and time throughout the Quaternary resulted in the evolution of a complex drainage pattern. A special emphasis is placed on the Late Pleistocene-Holocene development of the Middle-Tisza region and the Koros basin, where the Berettyo-Koros Rivers form an eastern tributary system of the Tisza River. A comparative evaluation of these two areas is especially relevant, as they provide insights into large-scale Late Pleistocene avulsion of the Tisza River. OSL dating, complemented with inferred transport directions determined from heavy mineral analysis of fluvial sediments in the Koros basin, has revealed an ancient large meandering river system that can be identified with the palaeo-Tisza, which was flowing along a tectonically controlled depression during the Late Pleniglacial. Successions in the Middle Tisza region have allowed differentiation between the older channels of the palaeo-Bodrog River and the Sajo-Hernad alluvial fan and the younger meander belts of the new course of the Tisza. In the Tisza system, changes in river style (braided to various scales of meandering) show correspondence to millennial-scale climate changes of the last 25 ka, while in the Koros basin the effects of tectonics are overprinted onto the regional climatic signals. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：本文讨论了阿尔卑斯-喀尔巴阡造山带内整个潘诺尼亚盆地（是欧洲最大的山地盆地）整个演化过程中多瑙河和提萨河及其主要支流的第四纪演变。概述了中新世晚期以来潘侬湖逐渐退缩的情况，概述了第四纪以前潘侬尼盆地的古排水重建。从西北和东北进入该盆地的河流三角洲逐渐转变为延伸的冲积平原;因此，多瑙河最早的祖先可能是从阿尔卑斯山向东南方向发展的，其历史可以追溯到中新世晚期。上新世充满了整个帕农湖。以前的伸展盆地地层被压力应力场所取代，这导致边缘侧面隆起和后期沉陷异常。浮雕的增加导致了第四纪排水格局的形成。活跃沉降的年轻盆地充满了河流沉积物，这些河流沉积物是由多瑙河和提萨河系统从隆起的山脉中运出的。在小平原和大平原的下陷区域之间，多瑙河形成了一个先行的山谷，在跨丹布努山脉和北中山之间的隆起部分之间设有阶梯。梯田的形成归因于更新世期间周期性的气候变化以及上升速率的差异。本文基于各种数据源对六个阶地的经典年代学进行了复杂的概述：主要是黄土/古土壤层序，钙华，风沙和上覆河流沉积物的特非拉地层的测年，辅之以分散的脊椎动物区系数据和考古证据直接从梯田沉积物。详细讨论了具有强大构造控制作用的大平原第四纪排水模式的演变。来自隆起的边缘地区的河流被引向下陷的洼地，这些洼地成为当地的基础水位。整个第四纪的时空沉降率的变化导致了复杂排水模式的演变。特别强调中提萨尔地区和科罗斯盆地的晚更新世-全新世发展，贝雷特约科罗斯河在此形成提萨河的东部支流。这两个区域的比较评估尤其重要，因为它们提供了对Tisza河大规模晚更新世撕裂的见识。 OSL测年以及通过对Koros盆地河流沉积物的重矿物分析确定的推断运输方向的补充，揭示了一个古老的蜿蜒曲折的河流系统，可以用古-Tisza来识别，该河流在晚期形成时沿构造控制的洼地流动len骨的。蒂萨中部地区的演替使古波德罗格河和萨霍－赫纳德冲积扇的较旧河道与蒂萨新路线的较年轻的曲折带之间得以区分。在Tisza系统中，河流样式的变化（编织成各种规模的曲折）显示出与最近25 ka的千年尺度气候变化相对应，而在Koros盆地，构造学的影响被叠加到区域气候信号上。 （c）2007 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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