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首页> 外文期刊>Quaternary Science Reviews: The International Multidisciplinary Review Journal >Sedimentological, geomorphological and dynamic context of debris-mantled glaciers, Mount Everest (Sagarmatha) region, Nepal
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Sedimentological, geomorphological and dynamic context of debris-mantled glaciers, Mount Everest (Sagarmatha) region, Nepal

机译：尼泊尔珠穆朗玛峰（萨加玛塔）地区碎屑覆盖冰川的沉积，地貌和动态背景

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This paper presents the sediment, landform and dynamic context of four avalanche-fed valley glaciers (Khumbu, Imja, Lhotse and Chukhung) in the Mount Everest (Sagarmatha) region of Nepal. All four glaciers have a mantle of debris dominated by sandy boulder-gravel that suppresses melting to an increasing degree towards the snout, leading to a progressive reduction in the overall slope of their longitudinal profile. Prominent lateral-terminal moraine complexes, also comprising sandy boulder-gravel, enclose the glaciers. These terminal moraines originally grew by accretion of multiple sedimentary facies of basal glacial and supraglacial origin, probably by folding and thrusting when the glaciers were more dynamic during the Little Ice Age. The four glaciers are in various stages of recession, and demonstrate a range of scenarios from down-wasting of the glacier tongue, through morainedammed lake development, to post-moraine-dam breaching. Khumbu Glacier is at the earliest stage of supraglacial pond formation and shows no sign yet of developing a major lake, although one is likely to develop behind its >250 m high composite terminal moraine. Imja Glacier terminates in a substantial body of water behind a partially ice-cored moraine dam (as determined from geophysical surveys), but morphologically appears unlikely to be an immediate threat. Chukhung Glacier already has a breached moraine and a connected debris fan, and therefore no longer poses a threat. Lhotse Glacier has an inclined, free-draining tongue that precludes hazardous lake development. From the data assembled, a conceptual model, applicable to other Himalayan glaciers, is proposed to explain the development of large, lateral-terminal moraine complexes and associated potentially hazardous moraine dams. - 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：本文介绍了尼泊尔珠穆朗玛峰（Sagarmatha）地区四个雪崩喂养的山谷冰川（昆布，伊姆贾，洛子峰和中坤）的沉积物，地形和动态背景。所有四个冰川都有以砂砾砾石为主的碎屑层，可以抑制向鼻子的融化程度增加，从而导致其纵向剖面的总体坡度逐渐减小。突出的侧端冰m复合物（也包括沙砾砾石）将冰川包裹起来。这些终末谷粒最初是通过增加基底冰河和冰河上起源的多个沉积相而生长的，可能是由于在小冰河时期冰川更加活跃时发生的折叠和逆冲作用。这四座冰川处于衰退的不同阶段，并展示了从冰川舌头的低耗，经过漫长的湖泊发展到冰mor后大坝破坏的各种情景。 Khumbu冰川处于冰缘池塘形成的最早阶段，尽管有可能在其大于250 m的复合终端冰ora形成之后发展，但尚未显示出发展主要湖泊的迹象。 Imja Glacier终止于部分冰芯冰m水坝后面的大量水体（根据地球物理调查确定），但从形态上看，它不可能立即构成威胁。 Chukhung Glacier已经破坏了冰and，并连接了碎屑风扇，因此不再构成威胁。洛子峰冰川（Lhotse Glacier）具有倾斜的排水口，可避免危险的湖泊发展。根据收集的数据，提出了适用于其他喜马拉雅冰川的概念模型，以解释大型，侧向末端冰m复合物和相关的潜在冰hazardous大坝的发展。 -2008 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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