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Stereodivergent quaternization of 2-alkyl-2-p-tolylsulfinylacetonitriles: NMR spectroscopic evidence of planar and pyramidal benzylic carbanions

机译:2-烷基-2-对甲苯基亚磺酰基乙腈的立体发散季铵化:平面和金字塔形苄基碳负离子的NMR光谱证据

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摘要

Enantiomerically enriched α,α-disubstituted phenylacetonitriles have been readily prepared by stereo-selective quaternization of 2-alkyl-2-[2-(p-tolylsulfinyl)phenyl]acetonitriles with different alkylating electrophiles in the presence of bases. The use of potassium hexamethyldisilazane (KHMDS)/[18]crown-6 ether and NHMDS with alkyl halides afforded S,S_S and R,S_S diastereoisomers, respectively, in high enantiomeric purities, thus providing stereodivergent processes for synthesizing both isomers. The dependence of the stereochemical course of the reactions on the experimental conditions (mainly on the counterion) has been rationalized by assuming a planar or pyramidal structure for the benzylic carbanions. This hypothesis has been supported by NMR spectroscopic studies, which permit one to assign a chelated pyramidal structure to the sodium benzylic carbanions and an almost planar naked carbanionic structure to the potassium benzylic carbanions generated in the presence of [18]crown-6 ether.
机译:对映体富集的α,α-二取代的苯基乙腈已经很容易地通过在碱的存在下用不同的烷基化亲电体对2-烷基-2- [2-(对甲苯基亚磺酰基)苯基]乙腈进行立体选择性季铵化来制备。六甲基二硅氮烷钾(KHMDS)/ [18] cro-6醚和NHMDS与烷基卤化物的使用,分别以高对映体纯度得到S,S_S和R,S_S非对映异构体,从而为合成这两种异构体提供了立体发散过程。反应的立体化学过程对实验条件(主要是抗衡离子)的依赖性已经通过假设苄基碳负离子具有平面或金字塔结构而得到合理化。 NMR光谱研究支持了这一假设,该研究允许将螯合的金字塔结构分配给苄基碳负离子,将几乎平面的裸碳负离子结构赋予存在[18] cro-6醚的苄基碳负离子。

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