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Molecular Tweezers as Synthetic Receptors: Molecular Recognition of Electron-Deficient Aromatic and Aliphatic Substrates

机译:分子镊子作为合成受体:缺电子的芳香族和脂肪族基质的分子识别。

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摘要

Syntheses and supramolecular properties of the molecular tweezers 1 and 2, containing naphthalene and benzene spacer units, respectively, are described. They selectively bind electron-deficient aromatic and aliphatic substrates, for example di- and tetracyanobenzenes 11-14, 1, 4-dinitrobenzene (15), p-benzoquinone (16), 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ)(17), 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrafluorobenzene (20), acetonitrile, and malononitrile, They form stable complexes with the cationic substrate N-methylpyrazinium iodide (19) that are soluble in chloroform. A quantitative investigation using NMR titration and solid-liquid extraction shows that the naphthalene-spaced tweezer 1 forms stronger complexes with aromatic and quinoid substrates than the benzene-spaced tweezer 2 (#DELTA# #DELTA#G = 1.5 +- 1 kcal mol~(-1)), whereas the aliphatic substrates are only complexed by receptor 2. Force-field calculations (AMBER~*) and single-crystal structure analyses reveal that 1 has an almost ideal geometrical topology for the complexation of aromatic substrates, while complexation of these substrates by the smaller receptor 2 requires expansion of the tweezer tips by about 2 A. This causes an extra strain energy in 2 of 1-2 kcal mol~(-1). According to semiempirical AM1 calculations, the electrostatic potential surfaces (EPSs) of molecular tweezers 1 and 2 are surprisingly negative on the concave sides of the molecules and, hence, complementary to those of the electron-deficient substrates.
机译:描述了分别包含萘和苯间隔单元的分子钳1和2的合成和超分子性能。它们选择性地结合缺电子的芳香族和脂肪族底物,例如二氰基和四氰基苯11-14、1、4-二硝基苯(15),对苯醌(16),7、7、8、8,八氰基-对苯二甲甲烷(TCNQ)(17),1、2、4、5-四氟苯(20),乙腈和丙二腈,它们与可溶于氯仿的阳离子底物N-甲基吡嗪鎓碘化物(19)形成稳定的络合物。使用NMR滴定和固液萃取进行的定量研究表明,与苯间隔的镊子2相比,萘间隔的镊子1与芳族和醌型底物形成更强的配合物(#DELTA##DELTA#G = 1.5 +1 kcal mol〜 (-1)),而脂族底物仅被受体2络合。力场计算(AMBER〜*)和单晶结构分析表明,1具有芳香族底物络合的几乎理想的几何拓扑,而络合这些由较小受体2制成的基板需要将镊子尖端扩展约2A。这会在1-2 kcal mol〜(-1)的2中产生额外的应变能。根据半经验AM1计算,令人惊讶的是,分子镊子1和2的静电势表面(EPS)在分子的凹面为负,因此与缺电子衬底的表面互补。

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