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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Zoology >Threat-sensitive predator avoidance by slimy sculpins: understanding theimportance of visual versus chemical information
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Threat-sensitive predator avoidance by slimy sculpins: understanding theimportance of visual versus chemical information

机译：黏糊糊的长刀避免威胁敏感的捕食者：了解视觉信息与化学信息的重要性

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摘要

The supposition that prey animals assess and behave flexibly in response to different degrees of predation threat is known as the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis. We completed a series of field and laboratory experiments to examine whether slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) exhibit threat-sensitive predator avoidance when exposed to sympatric predatory brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). In a field experiment we caged small and large trout in similar habitats and found that sculpins avoided areas containing trout that were large enough to pose a threat to them, but did not avoid areas containing trout that were small and hence not a threat. In a series of laboratory experiments we found that sculpins showed threat-sensitive predator avoidance when they could assess the predator visually. However, when only chemical cues from the predator were presented, sculpins responded to the predator regardless of its size. Chemical cues seem to function to warn the sculpin that the predator is in the vicinity, but visual cues are needed in order to accurately assess the risk posed by the predator.
机译：捕食动物对不同程度的捕食威胁做出评估并做出灵活反应的假设被称为威胁敏感的捕食者回避假设。我们完成了一系列的野外和实验室实验，以检查粘糊糊的杜鹃（Cottus cognatus）暴露于同伴掠食性河鳟（Salvelinus fontinalis）时是否表现出对威胁敏感的捕食者回避。在野外试验中，我们将大小鳟鱼关在类似的栖息地中，发现鱼避开了鳟鱼面积大到足以对它们构成威胁的区域，但没有避开鳟鱼面积小而又没有威胁的区域。在一系列的实验室实验中，我们发现杜鹃在可以肉眼评估掠食者时表现出对威胁敏感的掠食者回避。但是，当只显示来自捕食者的化学线索时，无论其大小如何，杜鹃都会对捕食者做出反应。化学提示似乎可以警告捕食者，捕食者就在附近，但是需要视觉提示才能准确评估捕食者带来的风险。

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