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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Soil Science >Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from monoculture and rotational cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat.
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Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from monoculture and rotational cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat.

机译：玉米，大豆和冬小麦单作和轮作的一氧化二氮和二氧化碳排放量。

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摘要

It is well established that nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural land are influenced by the type of crop grown, the form and amount of nitrogen (N) applied, and the soil and climatic conditions under which the crop is grown. Crop rotation adds another dimension that is often overlooked, however, as the crop residue being decomposed and supplying soluble carbon to soil biota is usually from a different crop than the crop that is currently growing. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the influence of both the crop grown and the residues from the preceding crop on N2O and CO2 emissions from soil. In particular, N2O and CO2 emissions from monoculture cropping of maize, soyabean and winter wheat were compared with 2-year and 3-year crop rotations (maize-soyabean or maize-soyabean-winter wheat) in Ontario, Canada. Each phase of the rotation was measured each year. Averaged over three growing seasons (from April to October), the annual N2O emissions were approximately 3.1 to 5.1 times greater in monoculture maize (2.62 kg N ha-1) compared with either monoculture soyabean (0.84 kg N ha-1) or monoculture winter wheat (0.51 kg N ha-1). This was due in part to the higher inorganic N levels in the soil resulting from the higher N application rate with maize (170 kg N ha-1) than winter wheat (83 kg N ha-1) or soyabean (no N applied). Further, the previous crop also influenced the extent of N2O emissions in the current crop year. When maize followed maize, the average N2O emissions (2.62 kg N ha-1) were approximately twice as high as when maize followed soyabean (1.34 kg N ha-1) and approximately 60% greater than when maize followed winter wheat (1.64 kg N ha-1). Monoculture winter wheat had approximately 45% greater CO2 emissions than monoculture maize or 51% greater emissions than monoculture soyabean. In the maize phase, CO2 emissions were greater when the previous crop was winter wheat (5.03 tonnes C ha-1) than when it was soyabean (4.20 tonnes C ha-1) or maize (3.91 tonnes C ha-1). Hence, N2O and CO2 emissions from agricultural fields are influenced by both the current crop and the previous crop, and this should be accounted for in both estimates and forecasts of the emissions of these important greenhouse gases.
机译：众所周知，农田的一氧化二氮（N2O）和二氧化碳（CO2）排放受作物类型，施用的氮（N）的形式和数量以及作物所处的土壤和气候条件的影响长大了。轮作增加了另一个常常被忽视的方面，因为农作物残渣被分解并向土壤生物群供应可溶性碳通常来自与目前正在种植的作物不同的作物。因此，本研究的目的是比较种植的农作物和先前农作物的残留物对土壤N2O和CO2排放的影响。特别是，将加拿大安大略省玉米，大豆和冬小麦的单作种植的N2O和CO2排放与2年和3年轮作（玉米-大豆或玉米-大豆-冬小麦）进行了比较。每年对轮换的每个阶段进行测量。在三个生长季节（从四月到十月）的平均水平下，单作玉米（2.62 kg N ha-1）的年N2O排放量比单作大豆（0.84 kg N ha-1）或单作冬季的高约3.1至5.1倍小麦（0.51千克N ha-1）。这部分是由于玉米（170 kg N ha-1）比冬小麦（83 kg N ha-1）或大豆（未施氮）的施氮量高，导致土壤中无机氮含量较高。此外，以前的作物也影响了当前作物年度的N2O排放量。当玉米追随玉米时，N2O的平均排放量（2.62 kg N ha-1）大约是玉米追随大豆（1.34 kg N ha-1）的两倍，比玉米追随冬小麦（1.64 kg N）高出约60％。 ha-1）。单一栽培冬小麦的二氧化碳排放量比单一栽培玉米高约45％，比单一栽培大豆高51％。在玉米阶段，以前的作物是冬小麦（5.03吨C ha-1）比大豆（4.20吨C ha-1）或玉米（3.91吨C ha-1）的二氧化碳排放量更大。因此，农业领域的N2O和CO2排放受当前作物和先前作物的影响，这应该在对这些重要温室气体的排放量的估算和预测中加以考虑。

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