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The critical thermal maximum: history and critique

机译:临界热最大值:历史和评论

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摘要

We reviewed 725 papers published since Cowles and Bogert's paper on thermal tolerance (R.B. Cowles and C.M. Bogert. 1944. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 83: 261-296) to create a data base of studies that used critical thermal maximum or lethal-temperature methods. We found data from 388 of these papers to provide a historical and taxonomic review of various methodologies used in measuring tolerance of high temperature. We conducted this literature review of previous studies to (i) describe the history of the study of thermal tolerance and show the chronological trends in the use of lethal temperature and critical thermal maximum methods, (ii) illustrate the diversity of taxa used in thermal-tolerance studies, (iii) summarize the diversity of protocols (i.e., end points, heating rates, acclimations, etc.) used for determining thermal tolerance, (iv) provide physiological reasons why the onset of spasms is more meaningful biologically than the loss of righting response, and (v) discuss the difficulties in using data from studies in which widely divergent methods were used and the importance of obtaining comparative thermal-tolerance data for comparative physiology. The adoption of the onset of spasms as a standard end point would allow for valid comparisons of data from different studies and among taxa, an important consideration for current investigations of comparative physiology that use the comparative phylogenetic method.
机译:我们回顾了自Cowles和Bogert撰写的关于热耐受性的论文(RB Cowles和CM Bogert。1944. Bull。Am。Mus。Nat。Hist。83:261-296)以来发表的725篇论文,以创建使用临界热最大值的研究数据库。或致命温度方法。我们从388篇论文中发现了数据,以便对用于测量高温耐受性的各种方法进行历史和分类学回顾。我们对以前的研究进行了文献综述,以(i)描述热耐受性研究的历史并显示使用致死温度和临界热最大方法的时间顺序趋势,(ii)说明用于热耐受性的分类单元的多样性耐受性研究,(iii)总结了用于确定热耐受性的方案的多样性(例如,终点,加热速率,适应性等),(iv)提供了生理原因,说明痉挛的发生在生物学上比失去痉挛更有意义。纠正响应;(v)讨论了使用广泛使用不同方法的研究数据的困难,以及获得用于比较生理的比较耐热数据的重要性。将痉挛发作作为标准终点的采用将允许对来自不同研究和不同分类群的数据进行有效比较,这是当前使用比较系统发生方法进行的比较生理学研究的重要考虑因素。

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