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Parallel 3-D simulation of a fault gouge using the lattice solid model

机译：使用晶格实体模型对断层泥进行并行3-D模拟

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Despite the insight gained from 2-D particle models, and given that the dynamics of crustal faults occur in 3-D space, the question remains, how do the 3-D fault gouge dynamics differ from those in 2-D? Traditionally, 2-D modeling has been preferred over 3-D simulations because of the computational cost of solving 3-D problems. However, modern high performance computing architectures, combined with a parallel implementation of the Lattice Solid Model (LSM), provide the opportunity to explore 3-D fault micro-mechanics and to advance understanding of effective constitutive relations of fault gouge layers. In this paper, macroscopic friction values from 2-D and 3-D LSM simulations, performed on an SGI Altix 3700 super-cluster, are compared. Two rectangular elastic blocks of bonded particles, with a rough fault plane and separated by a region of randomly sized non-bonded gouge particles, are sheared in opposite directions by normally-loaded driving plates. The results demonstrate that the gouge particles in the 3-D models undergo significant out-of-plane motion during shear. The 3-D models also exhibit a higher mean macroscopic friction than the 2-D models for varying values of interparticle friction. 2-D LSM gouge models have previously been shown to exhibit accelerating energy release in simulated earthquake cycles, supporting the Critical Point hypothesis. The 3-D models are shown to also display accelerating energy release, and good fits of power law time-to-failure functions to the cumulative energy release are obtained.
机译：尽管从2-D粒子模型中获得了见识，并且考虑到地壳断层的动力学在3-D空间中发生，但问题仍然存在，3-D断层泥凿动力学与2-D断层动力学有何不同？传统上，由于解决3-D问题的计算成本，2-D建模优于3-D仿真。但是，现代高性能计算体系结构与莱迪思实体模型（LSM）的并行实现相结合，为探索3-D断层微观力学和加深对断层泥层有效本构关系的理解提供了机会。在本文中，比较了在SGI Altix 3700超级群集上进行的2-D和3-D LSM仿真得到的宏观摩擦值。正常情况下，驱动板会沿相反的方向剪切两个粘结的矩形弹性块，它们具有粗糙的断面，并被随机大小的非粘结凿孔区域分开。结果表明，在剪切过程中，3-D模型中的切屑颗粒经历了明显的平面外运动。对于不同的粒子间摩擦力值，3-D模型还显示出比2-D模型更高的平均宏观摩擦。先前已经证明了二维LSM凿岩模型在模拟地震周期中显示出加速的能量释放，支持了临界点假设。 3-D模型还显示出加速的能量释放，并且获得了幂律失效时间函数与累积能量释放的良好拟合。

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