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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >The 11 March 2011 Tohoku Tsunami Survey in Rikuzentakata and Comparison with Historical Events
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The 11 March 2011 Tohoku Tsunami Survey in Rikuzentakata and Comparison with Historical Events

机译：陆前高田市2011年3月11日东北海啸调查及历史事件比较

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摘要

On 11 March 2011, a moment magnitude M_ w = 9.0 earthquake occurred off the Japan Tohoku coast causing catastrophic damage and loss of human lives. In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, we conducted the reconnaissance survey in the city of Rikuzentakata, Japan. In comparison with three previous historical tsunamis impacting the same region, the 2011 event presented the largest values with respect to the tsunami height, the inundation area and the inundation distance. A representative tsunami height of 15 m was recorded in Rikuzentakata, with increased heights of 20 m around rocky headlands. In terms of the inundation area, the 2011 Tohoku tsunami exceeded by almost 2.6 times the area flooded by the 1960 Chilean tsunami, which ranks second among the four events compared. The maximum tsunami inundation distance was 8.1 km along the Kesen River, exceeding the 1933 Showa and 1960 Chilean tsunami inundations by factors of 6.2 and 2.7, respectively. The overland tsunami inundation distance was less than 2 km. The tsunami inundation height linearly decreased along the Kesen River at a rate of approximately 1 m/km. Nevertheless, the measured inland tsunami heights exhibit significant variations on local and regional scales. A designated "tsunami control forest" planted with a cross-shore width of about 200 m along a 2 km stretch of Rikuzentakata coastline was completely overrun and failed to protect the local community during this extreme event. Similarly, many designated tsunami shelters were too low and were overwashed by tsunami waves, thereby failing to provide shelter for evacuees-a risk that had been underestimated.
机译：2011年3月11日，日本东北海岸附近发生了M_w = 9.0级地震，造成了灾难性的破坏，并造成了人员伤亡。地震发生后，我们立即在日本陆前高田市进行了侦察调查。与之前影响同一地区的三个历史海啸相比，2011年的海啸在海啸高度，淹没面积和淹没距离方面表现出最大的价值。陆前高田的海啸代表高度为15 m，在岩石岬角周围增加了20 m。就淹没面积而言，2011年东北海啸的面积几乎是1960年智利海啸淹没面积的2.6倍，在所比较的四次事件中排名第二。沿着克森河的最大海啸淹没距离为8.1公里，比1933年的昭和和1960年的智利海啸淹没分别高出6.2和2.7倍。陆地海啸淹没距离不到2公里。海啸淹没高度沿克森河沿线呈线性下降，速率约为1 m / km。然而，内陆海啸高度的测量值在地方和区域尺度上显示出显着变化。在这个极端事件中，沿着陆前高田市海岸线延伸2公里，跨岸宽度约200 m的指定“海啸防治林”被完全淹没，未能保护当地社区。同样，许多指定的海啸避难所过低，被海啸冲刷过，因此无法为疏散人员提供避难所，这一风险被低估了。

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