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Scaling Transition in Earthquake Sources: A Possible Link Between Seismic and Laboratory Measurements

机译：震源的尺度转换：地震测量与实验室测量之间的可能联系

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We estimate the corner frequencies of 20 crustal seismic events from mainshock-aftershock sequences in different tectonic environments (mainshocks 5.70 (K_(ANAMORI) and R_(IVERA) in Bull Seismol Soc Am 94:314-319, 2004). The deviation from a strict self-similar behavior within each earthquake sequence of our collection is indicated by a systematic increase in the estimated average static stress drop and apparent stress with increasing seismic moment (moment magnitude). Our favored physical interpretation for the increased apparent stress with earthquake size is a progressive frictional weakening for increasing seismic slip, in agreement with recent results obtained in laboratory experiments performed on state-of-the-art apparatuses at slip rates of the order of 1 m/s or larger. At smaller magnitudes (M_W<5.5), the overall data set is characterized by a variability in apparent stress of almost three orders of magnitude, mostly from the scatter observed in strike-slip sequences. Larger events (M_W>5.5) show much less variability: about one order of magnitude. It appears that the apparent stress (and static stress drop) does not grow indefinitely at larger magnitudes: for example, in the case of the Chi-Chi sequence (the best sampled sequence between M_W 5 and 6.5), some roughly constant stress parameters characterize earthquakes larger than M_W ~ 5.5. A representative fault slip for MW 5.5 is a few tens of centimeters (e.g., IDE and T_(AKEO) in J Geophys Res 102:27379-27391, 1997), which corresponds to the slip amount at which effective lubrication is observed, according to recent laboratory friction experiments performed at seismic slip velocities (V ~ 1 m/s) and normal stresses representative of crustal depths (D_I T_(ORO) et al. in Nature in press, 2011, and references therein). If the observed deviation from self-similar scaling is explained in terms of an asymptotic increase in apparent stress (M_(ALAGNINI) et al. in Pure Appl Geophys, 2014, this volume), which is directly related to dynamic stress drop on the fault, one interpretation is that for a seismic slip of a few tens of centimeters (M_W ~ 5.5) or larger, a fully lubricated frictional state may be asymptotically approached.
机译：我们使用成熟的地震尾波比率技术（MAYEDA等人，在Geophys Res Lett 34：L11303，2007）中，从不同构造环境下的主震-余震序列（主震5.7 0（K_（ANAMORI ）和R_（IVERA），发表于Bull Seismol Soc Am 94：314-319，2004）。随着地震矩（矩量）的增加，估计平均静应力下降和表观应力的系统增加表明了我们收集的每个地震序列中严格的自相似行为的偏离。对于随着地震大小增加的表观应力，我们偏爱的物理解释是，随着滑动增加，摩擦逐渐减弱，这与在最先进的设备上以1 m量级的滑移率进行的实验室实验中获得的最新结果一致/ s或更大。在较小的量级（M_W <5.5）下，整个数据集的特征在于表观应力的变化率几乎为三个数量级，主要来自于走滑序列中观察到的分散。较大的事件（M_W> 5.5）显示的可变性要小得多：大约一个数量级。看起来，表观应力（和静态应力下降）并不会在更大的幅度上无限期地增长：例如，在Chi-Chi序列（M_W 5和6.5之间的最佳采样序列）的情况下，一些大致恒定的应力参数可以表征地震大于M_W〜5.5。 MW 5.5的典型断层滑动量为几十厘米（例如，J Geophys Res 102：27379-27391，1997中的IDE和T_（AKEO）），对应于观察到有效润滑的滑动量，根据最近的实验室摩擦实验是在地震滑动速度（V〜1 m / s）和代表地壳深度的法向应力下进行的（D_IT_ORD等人，Nature in press，2011年，及其中的参考文献）。如果观察到的与自相似尺度的偏差是通过表观应力的渐近增加来解释的（M_（ALAGNINI）等人在Pure Appl Geophys，2014，此体积中），这直接与断层上的动态应力下降有关，一种解释是，对于几十厘米（M_W〜5.5）或更大的地震滑动，可能会渐近地接近完全润滑的摩擦状态。

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