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Model Space Exploration for Determining Landslide Source History from Long-Period Seismic Data

机译：利用长期地震数据确定滑坡源史的模型空间探索

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摘要

The seismic signals generated by two large volcanic debris avalanches (Montserrat, Lesser Antilles, 1997 and Mount St. Helens, USA, 1980) and a large rock-ice avalanche (Mount Steller, USA, 2005) have been analyzed. For the two debris avalanches, given the times and locations of such landslides, their signals were recorded by only a few seismic stations. Moreover, these signals cover only a very narrow frequency band and include considerable noise. The Mount Steller, on the contrary, was precisely recorded. For each event, the source mechanism (i.e., point force) has been determined by waveform inversion using at most two broadband seismic stations. The resulting force is very difficult to interpret in terms of landslide characteristics. A Monte-Carlo inversion was therefore performed by imposing a simple force model associated with the landslide, based on the schematic view of an accelerating/decelerating mass traveling down the slope. The best parameter set of the force model was then found by minimizing misfits and maximizing correlations between data and synthetic signals. This model appears to contain the minimum degree of complexity required to well reproduce the seismic data. We detail here the method for the Montserrat debris avalanche and then present it's validation on the well studied Mount St. Helens debris avalanche and the well recorded Mount Steller rock-ice avalanche. The horizontal and vertical components of the resulting force have different source time functions. The best force model compares well with the force obtained by waveform inversion. Finally, this simple force model was interpreted using analytical and empirical relations derived from the sliding block model, granular flow model and landslide studies. This made it possible to estimate the order of magnitude of the mass, flow duration and direction, initial topography slope, mean velocity and travel distance of the avalanches. For these three avalanches, the calculated characteristics are consistent with former studies.
机译：分析了由两个大型火山碎片雪崩（蒙特塞拉特，安的列斯，1997年和美国圣海伦火山，1980年）和一个大型冰冰雪崩（美国斯特勒山，2005年）产生的地震信号。对于这两个碎片雪崩，给定此类滑坡的时间和位置，它们的信号仅由少数几个地震台站记录。而且，这些信号仅覆盖非常窄的频带，并且包括相当大的噪声。相反，精确记录了斯特勒山。对于每个事件，已使用最多两个宽带地震台站通过波形反演确定了震源机制（即点力）。合力很难用滑坡特征来解释。因此，基于沿斜坡行进的加速/减速质量的示意图，通过施加与滑坡相关的简单力模型来执行蒙特卡洛反演。然后通过最小化失配并使数据与合成信号之间的相关性最大化来找到力模型的最佳参数集。该模型似乎包含了很好地再现地震数据所需的最小复杂度。我们在这里详细介绍了蒙特塞拉特碎屑雪崩的方法，然后在经过充分研究的圣海伦斯碎屑雪崩和记录良好的斯特勒山冰冰崩雪崩中进行了验证。合力的水平分量和垂直分量具有不同的源时间函数。最佳力模型可以很好地与通过波形反演获得的力进行比较。最后，使用从滑块模型，颗粒流模型和滑坡研究得出的解析和经验关系解释了这种简单的力模型。这样就可以估计质量的数量级，流动持续时间和方向，初始地形坡度，平均速度和雪崩的行进距离。对于这三个雪崩，计算出的特征与以前的研究一致。

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