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Field Survey Following the 28 October 2012 Haida Gwaii Tsunami

机译：在2012年10月28日海达瓜海啸之后进行的实地调查

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This article documents the near-field effects of the largest tsunami of 2012 (globally), which occurred following Canada's second-largest recorded earthquake, on a thrust fault offshore western Haida Gwaii on October 28 (UTC). Despite a lack of reported damaging waves on the coast of British Columbia (largest amplitudes were recorded in Hawaii), three field surveys in the following weeks and months reveal that much of the remote unpopulated, uninstrumented coastline of western Haida Gwaii was impacted by significant tsunami waves that reached up to 13 m above the state of tide. Runup exceeded 3 m at sites spanning ~200 km of the coastline. Greatest impacts were apparent at the heads of narrow inlets and bays on western Moresby Island, where natural and manmade debris with a clear oceanward origin was found on the forest floor and caught in tree branches, inferring flow depths up to 2.5 m. Bays that see regular exposure to storm waves were generally less affected; at these sites a storm origin cannot be ruled out for the debris surveyed. Logs disturbed from their apparent former footprints on the forest floor at the head of Pocket Inlet provide evidence of complex runup, backwash and oblique flow patterns, as noted in other tsunamis. Discontinuous muddy sediments were found at a few sites; sedimentation was not proportional to runup. Lessons learned from our study of the impacts of the Haida Gwaii tsunami may prove useful to future post-tsunami and paleotsunami surveys, as well as tsunami hazard assessments.
机译：本文记录了2012年最大的海啸（全球）的近场影响，该海啸发生在10月28日（UTC）海达瓜西海域的逆冲断层上，是加拿大记录的第二大地震。尽管不报告不列颠哥伦比亚省海岸的破坏性波浪（在夏威夷记录到最大的振幅），但在随后的几周和几个月中进行的三项野外调查显示，海达瓜西西部许多偏远的人烟稀少，未经仪器化的海岸线都受到了海啸的影响到达最高潮位13 m处的海浪。在跨越海岸线约200 km的站点，跳动超过3 m。在莫尔斯比岛西部的狭窄入口和海湾的顶部，最大的影响是明显的，在那里，在森林地面上发现了天然的和人造的碎片，它们具有明显的远洋起源，并被树枝捕获，推断出水深达2.5 m。经常受到暴风雨袭击的海湾受影响较小。在这些地点，不能排除风暴源是所调查的碎片。如其他海啸所指出的那样，原木在Pocket Inlet头的森林地面上明显的先前足迹所扰乱的原木提供了复杂的加速，反冲洗和倾斜流动模式的证据。在一些地点发现了不连续的泥质沉积物;沉降与加速不成比例。从我们对海达瓜海啸影响的研究中吸取的经验教训可能对将来的海啸后和古海啸调查以及海啸危害评估有用。

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