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Remote Sensing Data in Wind Velocity Field Modelling: a Case Study from the Sudetes (SW Poland)

机译：风速场建模中的遥感数据：来自Sudetes的案例研究（波兰西南部）

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The phenomena of wind-field deformation above complex (mountainous) terrain is a popular subject of research related to numerical modelling using GIS techniques. This type of modelling requires, as input data, information on terrain roughness and a digital terrain/elevation model. This information may be provided by remote sensing data. Consequently, its accuracy and spatial resolution may affect the results of modelling. This paper represents an attempt to conduct wind-field modelling in the area of the ?nie_znik Massif (Eastern Sudetes). The modelling process was conducted in WindStation 2.0.10 software (using the computable fluid dynamics solver Canyon). Two different elevation models were used: the Global Land Survey Digital Elevation Model (GLS DEM) and Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) Level 2. The terrain roughness raster was generated on the basis of Corine Land Cover 2006 (CLC 2006) data. The output data were post-processed in ArcInfo 9.3.1 software to achieve a high-quality cartographic presentation. Experimental modelling was conducted for situations from 26 November 2011, 25 May 2012, and 26 May 2012, based on a limited number of field measurements and using parameters of the atmosphere boundary layer derived from the aerological surveys provided by the closest meteorological stations. The model was run in a 100-m and 250-m spatial resolution. In order to verify the model's performance, leave-one-out cross-validation was used. The calculated indices allowed for a comparison with results of former studies pertaining to WindStation's performance. The experiment demonstrated very subtle differences between results in using DTED or GLS DEM elevation data. Additionally, CLC 2006 roughness data provided more noticeable improvements in the model's performance, but only in the resolution corresponding to the original roughness data. The best input data configuration resulted in the following mean values of error measure: root mean squared error of velocity = 1.0 m/s and mean absolute error of direction = 30°. The author concludes that, within specific meteorological conditions (relatively strong and constant synoptic forcing) and using the aforementioned input data, the Canyon model provides fairly acceptable results. Similarly, the quality of the presented remote sensing data is suitable for wind velocity modelling in the proposed resolution. However, CLC 2006 land use data should be first verified with a higher-resolution satellite or aerial imagery.
机译：复杂（山区）之上的风场变形现象是与使用GIS技术进行数值建模有关的研究热点。这种类型的建模需要有关地形粗糙度和数字地形/高程模型的信息作为输入数据。该信息可以由遥感数据提供。因此，其准确性和空间分辨率可能会影响建模结果。本文代表了在？nie_znik断层块（东部苏台德）地区进行风场建模的尝试。建模过程在WindStation 2.0.10软件中进行（使用可计算的流体动力学求解器Canyon）。使用了两种不同的高程模型：全球土地测量数字高程模型（GLS DEM）和数字地形高程数据（DTED）级别2。地形粗糙度栅格是基于Corine Land Cover 2006（CLC 2006）数据生成的。输出数据在ArcInfo 9.3.1软件中进行了后处理，以实现高质量的制图显示。针对2011年11月26日，2012年5月25日和2012年5月26日的情况进行了实验建模，这是基于有限的现场测量，并使用了由最近的气象台提供的空气调查得出的大气边界层参数。该模型以100-m和250-m的空间分辨率运行。为了验证模型的性能，使用了留一法交叉验证。计算出的指数可以与以前有关WindStation性能的研究结果进行比较。实验表明，使用DTED或GLS DEM高程数据的结果之间存在非常细微的差异。此外，CLC 2006粗糙度数据在模型性能上提供了更为明显的改进，但仅在分辨率上与原始粗糙度数据相对应。最佳输入数据配置产生以下误差测量平均值：速度的均方根误差= 1.0 m / s，方向的平均绝对误差= 30°。作者得出结论，在特定的气象条件（相对强和恒定的天气强迫）下，并使用上述输入数据，Canyon模型提供了相当可接受的结果。类似地，所提出的遥感数据的质量适合于所提出的分辨率中的风速建模。但是，CLC 2006的土地利用数据应首先通过更高分辨率的卫星或航空影像进行验证。

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