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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >Understanding the Role of Cloud and Convective Processes in Simulating the Weaker Tropical Cyclones over Indian Seas
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Understanding the Role of Cloud and Convective Processes in Simulating the Weaker Tropical Cyclones over Indian Seas

机译：了解云和对流过程在模拟印度洋上较弱的热带气旋中的作用

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摘要

This study addresses the problem of incorporating moist processes (resolving the grid scale and parameterizing the subgrid scale) at resolutions of 9 and 3 km with double- and triple-nested domains, respectively, in predicting the track and intensity of four cases of weaker tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean. The sensitivity experiments are carried out with three convective parameterization schemes, and the results are evaluated based on the track and intensity of cyclones. The Betts-Miller-Janjic scheme shows the most reasonable representation of track and intensity and therefore is used for all sensitivity experiments related to microphysical schemes in two and three domains. Three sets of microphysics sensitivity experiments are carried out: The first set includes experiments with parameterized moist convection (referred to as the 9-km experiment) in two domains (27 and 9 km). The second and third sets of simulation experiments are carried out at 9 km in two domains (27 and 9 km; referred to as the 9-km-noCP) and at 3 km in three domains (27 km, 9 km and 3 km; referred to as the 3-km experiment), respectively, by resolving the grid-scale convection explicitly with the four bulk microphysical schemes. The explicit moist convection treatment at 9- and 3-km resolution produces a better cyclone simulation than the parameterized convection at 9-km resolution. The latent heat released in the generation of hydrometeors such as snow and graupel in the mid-tropospheric levels appears to influence the heating within the inner core of the cyclone. The comparable and more realistic representation of mid-tropospheric heating is possibly one of the main reasons behind the improvement at 9-km-noCP and 3 km. The stronger vertical advection of moist static energy gives well-organized mesoscale convection within the cyclone environment at 9-km-noCP and 3-km resolution. This study therefore demonstrates the importance of microphysical processes in the simulation of weaker TC over the North Indian Ocean.
机译：这项研究解决了在9和3 km分辨率下分别采用双重嵌套和三重嵌套域的潮湿过程（解析网格规模和参数化子网格规模）的问题，以预测四种较弱热带地区的航迹和强度北印度洋上空的气旋。利用三种对流参数化方案进行了敏感性实验，并根据旋风的轨迹和强度对结果进行了评估。 Betts-Miller-Janjic方案显示了轨迹和强度的最合理表示，因此被用于与两个领域和三个领域中的微物理方案有关的所有敏感性实验。进行了三组微物理敏感性实验：第一组包括在两个区域（27和9 km）中进行参数化湿对流的实验（称为9 km实验）。第二和第三组模拟实验分别在两个域（27和9 km;称为9 km-noCP）中以9 km进行，在三个域（27 km，9 km和3 km; 3 km）中进行3 km的模拟实验。分别称为“ 3公里实验”），分别通过四种体微物理方案显式地解决了网格尺度对流问题。 9和3 km分辨率下的显式湿对流处理比9 km分辨率下的参数化对流产生更好的气旋模拟。在对流层中层水平上产生积水的过程中释放出的潜热，例如雪和gra，似乎会影响旋风分离器内核的加热。在9 km-noCP和3 km时，对流层中部加热的可比性和更现实的表示可能是改进后的主要原因之一。在9 km-noCP和3 km分辨率下，湿静态能量的垂直垂直对流会在旋风环境中提供组织良好的中尺度对流。因此，这项研究证明了微物理过程在北印度洋上较弱的TC模拟中的重要性。

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