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Methodological considerations for the evaluation of seismic risk on road network

机译：评估公路网地震风险的方法学考虑

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The recent earthquakes in California and Japan have shown the fundamental role that the road infrastructure plays in emergencies. In fact, only the maintenance of a sufficient level of efficiency can help to quickly reach the affected areas and thus avoid further serious consequences. The necessity of guaranteeing the functionality of the transport network during seismic events therefore requires seismic risk planning extended also to the road infrastructures in order to support the management of post-earthquake emergencies. Analogously it is fundamentally important to have analysis instruments of the road system able to preventatively evaluate the effects of earthquakes in order to identify possible emergencies, therefore preparing a program of intervention to reduce seismic risk on road networks. This paper proposes a methodology for the evaluation of seismic risk of road infrastructures according to the following points:Study of seismic hazard of the site for the definition of a seismic scenario using attenuation models in relation to historical seismology and the geological and tectonic characteristics of the territory;Analysis of the direct exposure connected to the probability of the presence of road users on the different parts of the network directly exposed to the seismic event;Analysis of the indirect exposure relative to the distribution of the population and the infrastructures for which post-earthquake accessibility must be guaranteed;Evaluation of the functional vulnerability in relation to the potential replaceability of damaged stretches considering network configuration and geometrical characteristics;Evaluation of structural vulnerability of the stretch correlated to the characteristics (structural, mechanical, technological, etc.) of the different components (bridges, embankments, trenches, tunnels) that make up the stretches obtained by the use of correctly elaborated tables for each component.The determination of global risk indexes of the single stretches and of the network, evaluated by means of a relationship between the ascertained parameters derived from the investigation of the previous points, provides the necessary information for the definition of mitigation measures to reduce the risk and for management planning before and after disaster. The proposed methodology, which has already been applied to a restricted area, is currently being applied to the province of Catania (Sicily, Italy), which is one of the geographical regions of highest seismic risk in Europe, and its future extension to all of eastern Sicily is foreseeable.
机译：最近在加利福尼亚州和日本发生的地震表明，道路基础设施在紧急情况中起着根本作用。实际上，只有保持足够的效率水平才能帮助快速到达受灾地区，从而避免进一步的严重后果。因此，在地震事件中保证运输网络功能的必要性要求将地震风险规划也扩展到道路基础设施，以支持地震后紧急情况的管理。同样，从根本上来说，使道路系统的分析工具能够预防性地评估地震的影响以识别可能的紧急情况，因此从根本上很重要，因此要制定干预计划以降低道路网络的地震风险。根据以下几点，本文提出了一种评估道路基础设施地震风险的方法：利用与历史地震学和地质地质构造特征相关的衰减模型，研究场地的地震灾害，以定义地震场景。区域;对直接暴露的分析与道路使用者在网络中直接暴露于地震事件的不同部分存在的可能性有关;对与人口分布和基础设施相关的间接暴露的分析必须保证地震的可及性;考虑网络配置和几何特征的与受损延伸段潜在可替换性相关的功能脆弱性评估;与延伸段的特征（结构，机械，工艺等）相关的延伸段结构脆弱性评估不同的组件（b通过使用正确构造的表格为每个组成部分获得延伸的山脊，堤防，沟渠，隧道）。通过确定的参数之间的关系来评估单个延伸和网络的总体风险指数从先前观点的调查中得出的结论，为定义降低风险的缓解措施以及灾难前后的管理计划提供了必要的信息。拟议的方法已应用于限制区域，目前正应用于卡塔尼亚省（意大利西西里岛），该省是欧洲地震风险最高的地理区域之一，并且未来将扩展到所有西西里东部是可以预见的。

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