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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Zoology >Social organization of mammal-eating killer whales: group stability and dispersal patterns
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Social organization of mammal-eating killer whales: group stability and dispersal patterns

机译：吃哺乳动物的虎鲸的社会组织：群体稳定性和传播方式

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The social organization of mammal-eating "transient" killer whales (Orcinus orca) was studied off southern Vancouver Island from 1985 through 1996. Strong and long-term associations exist between individual transients, so sets of individuals with consistently high association levels, termed pods, can be delineated. Pods consist of individuals of mixed ages and sexes, and typically contain an adult female and one or two offspring (averaging 2.4 individuals). The mother-offspring bond remains strong into adulthood for some male (and less often for female) offspring. Other males disperse from their maternal pod and appear to become "roving" males, spending some of their time alone, and occasionally associating with groups that contain potentially reproductive females. These males appear to have no strong or long-term relationships with any individuals, and adult male - adult male associations occur significantly less often than expected by chance. Females that disperse from their natal pod appear to be gregarious (having high average association rates) but socially mobile (having low maximum association rates). Differences in social organization from the sympatric fish-eating "resident" killer whales (where no dispersal of either sex occurs) likely relate to differences in foraging ecology. Transient killer whales maximize per capita energy intake by foraging in groups of three individuals, whereas no such relationship has been documented for resident killer whales. [References: 35]
机译：从1985年到1996年，在温哥华岛南部研究了以哺乳动物为食的“瞬态”虎鲸（Orcinus orca）的社会组织。个体瞬态之间存在牢固且长期的联系，因此具有持续较高联系水平的个体集称为豆荚，可以划定。豆荚由不同年龄和性别的个体组成，通常包含一个成年女性和一个或两个后代（平均2.4个个体）。对于某些雄性（对雌性而言，较少见）到成年期，母子间的联系仍然很牢固。其他雄性从其母荚中散出，似乎变成“游荡”的雄性，独自度过一些时间，并偶尔与包含可能繁殖雌性的群体交往。这些男性与任何个体似乎都没有牢固的或长期的关系，成年男性-成年男性的关联发生的频率大大少于偶然性。从出生豆荚中散出的雌性似乎很合群（平均交往率很高），但在社交上却很活跃（最大交往率很低）。社会组织与同伴吃鱼的“常住”虎鲸（任何性别都没有发生）的差异可能与觅食生态的差异有关。瞬态虎鲸通过三人一组觅食来最大程度地提高人均能量摄入量，而居民虎鲸没有这种关系的记录。 [参考：35]

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