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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Zoology >Mitochondria: a multimodal hub of hypoxia tolerance
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Mitochondria: a multimodal hub of hypoxia tolerance

机译：线粒体：低氧耐受的多式联运枢纽

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Decreased oxygen availability impairs cellular energy production and, without a coordinated and matched decrease in energy consumption, cellular and whole organism death rapidly ensues. Of particular interest are mechanisms that protect brain from lowoxygen injury, as this organ is not only the most sensitive to hypoxia, but must also remain active and functional during low oxygen stress. As a result of natural selective pressures, some species have evolved molecular and physiological mechanisms totolerate prolonged hypoxia with no apparent detriment. Among these mechanisms are a handful of responses that are essential for hypoxia tolerance, including (i) sensors that detect changes in oxygen availability and initiate protective responses; (it) mechanisms of energy conservation; (iii) maintenance of basic brain function; and (iv) avoidance of catastrophic cell death cascades. As the study of hypoxia-tolerant brain progresses, it is becoming increasingly apparent that mitochondria play a central role in regulating all of these critical mechanisms. Furthermore, modulation of mitochondrial function to mimic endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms found in hypoxia-tolerant species confers protection against otherwise lethal hypoxic stresses in hypoxia-intolerant organs and organisms. Therefore, lessons gleaned from the investigation of endogenous mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in hypoxia-tolerant organisms may provide insight into clinical pathologies related to low oxygen stress.
机译：氧气供应量的减少会损害细胞的能量产生，并且在能量消耗没有协调一致的下降的情况下，很快就会导致细胞和整个生物体死亡。特别令人感兴趣的是保护大脑免受低氧伤害的机制，因为该器官不仅对缺氧最敏感，而且还必须在低氧压力下保持活跃和功能。由于自然选择压力，一些物种进化了分子和生理机制以耐受长时间的缺氧而没有明显的损害。在这些机制中，有少数对低氧耐受性至关重要的反应包括：（i）检测氧气利用率变化并启动保护性反应的传感器; （it）节能机制; （iii）维持基本的脑功能; （iv）避免灾难性细胞死亡级联反应。随着耐缺氧脑的研究进展，线粒体在调节所有这些关键机制中起着核心作用越来越明显。此外，调节线粒体功能以模拟在耐缺氧物种中发现的内源性神经保护机制，可赋予耐缺氧的器官和生物抵抗原本致命的低氧应激的保护作用。因此，从对耐缺氧生物体的耐缺氧耐受性的内源性机制研究中获得的经验教训可能会为与低氧应激相关的临床病理学提供见识。

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