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首页> 外文期刊>The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene >EFFECT OF WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT ON LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS, AND ESTIMATES OF POPULATIONS AT RISK.
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EFFECT OF WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT ON LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS, AND ESTIMATES OF POPULATIONS AT RISK.

机译：水资源开发和管理对淋巴丝虫病的影响以及处于危险之中的人口估计。

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摘要

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a debilitating disease overwhelmingly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by various mosquito species. Here, we present a systematic literature review with the following objectives: (i) to establish global and regional estimates of populations at risk of LF with particular consideration of water resource development projects, and (ii) to assess the effects of water resource development and management on the frequency and transmission dynamics of the disease. We estimate that globally, 2 billion people are at risk of LF. Among them, there are 394.5 million urban dwellers without access to improved sanitation and 213 million rural dwellers living in close proximity to irrigation. Environmental changes due to water resource development and management consistently led to a shift in vector species composition and generally to a strong proliferation of vector populations. For example, in World Health Organization (WHO) subregions 1 and 2, mosquito densities of the Anopheles gambiae complex and Anopheles funestus were up to 25-fold higher in irrigated areas when compared with irrigation-free sites. Although the infection prevalence of LF often increased after the implementation of a water project, there was no clear association with clinical symptoms. Concluding, there is a need to assess and quantify changes of LF transmission parameters and clinical manifestations over the entire course of water resource developments. Where resources allow, integrated vector management should complement mass drug administration, and broad-based monitoring and surveillance of the disease should become an integral part of large-scale waste management and sanitation programs, whose basic rationale lies in a systemic approach to city, district, and regional level health services and disease prevention.
机译：淋巴丝虫病（LF）是一种严重的衰弱性疾病，主要由Wuchereria bancrofti引起，并通过各种蚊子传播。在这里，我们提出了一个系统的文献综述，其目标如下：（i）建立全球和区域性的LF风险人口估计值，并特别考虑水资源开发项目，以及（ii）评估水资源开发和开发的影响疾病频率和传播动态的管理。我们估计，全球有20亿人患有LF的风险。其中，有3.945亿城市居民无法获得改善的卫生条件，还有2.13亿农村居民住在灌溉附近。由于水资源开发和管理而引起的环境变化始终导致媒介物种组成的变化，并通常导致媒介种群的大量繁殖。例如，在世界卫生组织（WHO）的第1和第2分区域中，与无灌溉区相比，在灌溉区中冈比亚按蚊和真菌按蚊的蚊子密度高出25倍。尽管实施水利工程后，LF的感染率通常会增加，但与临床症状没有明确的关联。最后，有必要评估和量化整个水资源开发过程中低频传播参数和临床表现的变化。在资源允许的情况下，综合媒介管理应补充大规模药物管理，对疾病的广泛监测和监测应成为大规模废物管理和卫生计划的组成部分，其基本原理在于对城市，地区采取系统性方法以及区域级的卫生服务和疾病预防。

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