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首页> 外文期刊>The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene >Monitoring chloroquine resistance using Plasmodium falciparum parasites isolated from wild mosquitoes in Tanzania.
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Monitoring chloroquine resistance using Plasmodium falciparum parasites isolated from wild mosquitoes in Tanzania.

机译：使用从坦桑尼亚的野生蚊子中分离出的恶性疟原虫寄生虫监测氯喹抗药性。

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摘要

Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance is a useful epidemiologic tool and provides early detection of resistance foci. Using DNA extracted from the head/thorax of wild mosquitoes collected from Bagamoyo Coastal Tanzania, samples infected by Plasmodium falciparum (N = 89, in 2002 and N = 249 in 2004) were screened by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay for mutations at Pfcrt76 and Pfmdr1-86 associated with chloroquine (CQ) resistance. The majority of isolates were of single infection (71%), and the prevalence of mutant alleles of Pfcrt76 decreased from 64.5% in 2002 to 16% in 2004; likewise, mutant Pfmdr1-86 alleles decreased from 46.6% to 2.7%. Overall, there was a decline of mutant isolates by a factor of 17 and 4 for Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt, respectively. In contrast, isolates with wild-type alleles increased significantly from < 20% in 2002 to 67.6% for Pfcrt76 and 83.5% for Pfmdr1-86 in 2004. This observation suggest a biologic trend of decrease ofCQ mutants and a subsequent increase of CQ susceptible parasites in circulation after the discontinued use of CQ in 2001 as a first-line drug in Tanzania. High prevalence of susceptible P. falciparum found in circulation not only supports other reports of a decline of mutant parasites after a reduction of drug selection pressure but suggests that the fitness cost is high in mutant parasites. Typing parasite isolates from infected mosquitoes, an alternative means of data collection, has the potential to increase the spatial and temporal coverage, and this approach is practical in highly endemic regions of Africa.
机译：监测抗疟药耐药性是一种有用的流行病学工具，可提供对耐药灶的早期检测。使用从坦桑尼亚巴加莫约沿海地区收集的野生蚊子头/胸中提取的DNA，通过巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）-限制性片段长度筛选被恶性疟原虫感染的样本（2002年分别为89和249）。多态性（RFLP）分析检测Pfcrt76和Pfmdr1-86处与氯喹（CQ）抗性相关的突变。多数分离株是单一感染（71％），Pfcrt76突变等位基因的患病率从2002年的64.5％下降到2004年的16％。同样，突变的Pfmdr1-86等位基因也从46.6％下降到2.7％。总体而言，Pfmdr1和Pfcrt的突变株分别下降了17和4倍。相反，带有野生型等位基因的分离株从2002年的<20％显着增加到Pfcrt76的67.6％和Pfmdr1-86的83.5％。这一观察结果表明，CQ突变体减少以及随后的CQ易感寄生虫增加的生物学趋势。在2001年停止使用CQ作为坦桑尼亚的一线药物后开始流通。在流通中发现的易感恶性疟原虫的高流行不仅支持降低药物选择压力后突变寄生虫减少的其他报道，而且表明突变寄生虫的适应性成本很高。输入来自感染蚊子的寄生虫​​隔离株（一种替代性的数据收集方法），具有增加时空覆盖范围的潜力，这种方法在非洲的高度流行地区非常实用。

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