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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Zoology >The effects of molt on the flight performance, body mass, and behavior of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): An experimental approach
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The effects of molt on the flight performance, body mass, and behavior of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): An experimental approach

机译：蜕皮对欧洲star鸟（Sturnus vulgaris）的飞行性能，体重和行为的影响：一种实验方法

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摘要

The physiological and energy costs of avian molt are well documented, but indirect consequences such as changes in flight performance have received less attention. Here, we report two experiments that investigated flight performance, body mass regulation, and behavior in captive starlings (Stumus vulgaris). In the first experiment, we found a U-shaped change in take-off escape performance during natural molt: birds ascended at the shallowest trajectories during midmolt. Birds' body mass was also reduced during molt. In the second experiment, we manipulated the plumage of starlings to simulate different stages of flight-feather molt. This allowed us to separate the aerodynamic costs of feather loss from the physiological costs of feather synthesis normally associated with plumage growth. Through observations of flight (take-off, aerial maneuverability, and level flapping-flight speed) and behavioral parameters, we demonstrated that birds in simulated molt have reduced night performance and reduced body mass. These birds also decrease the time spent performing energetically costly activities and seek areas of relative protection. In the longer term, some aspects of performance return to pretreatment levels, implying compensation for the plumage manipulations. Our results demonstrate. that molt incurs significant functional costs that may play an important role in the adaptive radiation of molt strategies and molt patterns observed in avian species.
机译：鸟类蜕皮的生理和能量成本已得到充分证明，但间接后果（例如飞行性能的变化）却很少受到关注。在这里，我们报告了两个实验，这些实验调查了圈养八哥（Stumus vulgaris）的飞行性能，体重调节和行为。在第一个实验中，我们发现了天然蜕皮过程中起飞逃生性能的U形变化：鸟类在蜕皮过程中以最浅的轨迹上升。蜕皮期间鸟类的体重也减少了。在第二个实验中，我们操纵了八哥的羽毛，以模拟飞行羽毛蜕皮的不同阶段。这使我们能够将羽毛损失的空气动力学成本与通常与羽毛生长相关的羽毛合成的生理成本分开。通过观察飞行情况（起飞，空中机动性和水平扑动速度）和行为参数，我们证明了模拟蜕皮中的鸟类具有降低的夜间活动能力和体重。这些鸟类还减少了花费大量精力进行活动的时间，并寻求相对保护的领域。从长远来看，性能的某些方面会返回到预处理水平，这意味着可以补偿羽毛操作。我们的结果证明了这一点。蜕皮会招致巨大的功能成本，这可能在禽类物种中观察到的蜕皮策略和蜕皮模式的适应性辐射中起重要作用。

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