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首页> 外文期刊>The Bovine Practitioner >Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD): Review for Beef Cattle Veterinarians
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Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD): Review for Beef Cattle Veterinarians

机译：牛病毒性腹泻（BVD）：肉牛兽医评论

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Characteristics of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), such as its genetic diversity and ability to induce a persistently infected (PI) carrier state, make its control a challenge, A systematic control program that utilizes diagnostic testing strategies to identify PI cattle, vaccination to increase fetal protection from infection, and biosecurity to reduce the risk of exposure to infected animals is necessary for control of BVD. The primary reservoir for BVDV is PI cattle. If a herd has had recentlyconfirmed PI calves, or if the history strongly suggests the presence of PI calves, then all calves, replacement heifers, bulls, and non-pregnant dams without calves should be tested for PI status. Positive cattle should be removed prior to the start ofbreeding. Because of the low prevalence of herds with PI animals, whole-herd screening protocols for herds at low risk for PI cattle may not be justified. Several strategies short of whole-herd screening can be employed to monitor herds for the presenceof PI cattle. Biosecurity to reduce the risk of exposure to BVDV should also be implemented. Replacement heifers and bulls should be tested and confirmed Pi-negative prior to the start of breeding. If a pregnant animal is purchased, she should be segregated until both dam and calf are confirmed Pi-negative. Fence line contact with neighboring herds should be avoided during early gestation unless they also have a strict biosecurity program in place. Vaccination to reduce the risk of fetal infection in the event of exposure to a BVDV-shedding animal is an integral part of a biosecurity program.
机译：牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）的特征，例如其遗传多样性和诱导持续感染（PI）携带者状态的能力，使其控制面临挑战。利用诊断测试策略来鉴定PI牛的系统控制程序，加强胎儿免受感染的保护，为降低BVD的感染，必须采取生物安全措施以降低接触被感染动物的风险。 BVDV的主要水库是PI牛。如果一群人最近确认过PI犊牛，或者历史强烈暗示存在PI犊牛，则应测试所有犊牛，替代小母牛，公牛和没有犊牛的非怀孕水坝的PI状况。阳性牛应在育种开始前移出。由于PI动物群的流行率较低，因此对于PI牛风险低的种群的全群筛查方案可能不合理。缺乏全猪场筛选的几种策略可用于监视猪群中是否存在PI牛。还应实施生物安全措施以减少接触BVDV的风险。在繁殖开始之前，应该对替代的小母牛和公牛进行测试，并确定Pi阴性。如果购买了怀孕的动物，则应隔离她，直到水坝和小腿都被确定为Pi阴性。除非他们也有严格的生物安全计划，否则在早期妊娠期间应避免栅栏与邻近人群的接触。生物安全计划必不可少的一部分是进行疫苗接种，以减少接触BVDV脱落的动物时胎儿感染的风险。

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