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首页> 外文期刊>The Bovine Practitioner >Respiratory Tract Infections in Dairy Calves from Birth to Breeding Age: Detection by Laboratory Isolation and Antibody Responses
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Respiratory Tract Infections in Dairy Calves from Birth to Breeding Age: Detection by Laboratory Isolation and Antibody Responses

机译：从出生到繁殖年龄的奶牛呼吸道感染：通过实验室分离和抗体反应检测

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This observational study followed 30 dairy heifers from birth to breeding to identify when exposure to potential respiratory pathogens occurred. Following the standard heifer development protocol for the dairy farm studied, heifers were housed in larger group pens, termed "groupings", based upon individual growth and development. Samples were collected at each grouping to determine when potential respiratory pathogens were acquired, Nasal swabs for viral and bacterial culture, peripheral blood leukocytes for virus isolation, and sera for antibody titers were collected and assayed three times (days 0, 7 and 14) at each grouping, beginning at 24-36 hours of age, Nasal bacterial isolates included Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni (formerly Haemophilus somnus) and Mycoplasma spp, M. haemolytica and P. multocida were occasionally isolated in the first 24-36 hours of life, Isolation of M. haemolytica and P. multocida increased substantially in the second and fourth groupings, respectively. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), parainflu-enza-3 virus (PI_3V), M. haemolytica and Mycoplasma spp were isolated with increased frequency when heifers were housed with nose-to-nose contact with adult cattle, and when clinical respiratory disease that responded to treatment occurred, Heifers were vaccinated with modified live virus vaccine while in hutches and at 5-6 months of age (third and fourth groupings). Colostrum-derived antibodies to viruses had diminished by the second grouping (age 95,2 ± 25.4 days), and during that time PI_3V and BHV-1 were isolated. Viral neutralizing antibody titers did not significantly increase until after the second vaccination, which may have reflected interference from maternal antibody. Calves spontaneously developed antibodies to P. multocida between the 14th day in the hutch and the second grouping, and to M. haemolytica during the second (age 95.2 ± 25.4 days) and third groupings (age 134.5 ± 36.1 days). In conclusion, transmission of potential respiratory pathogens -was documented in young dairy heifers despite commonly accepted health management programs, including vaccination.
机译：这项观察性研究追踪了从出生到繁殖的30头乳牛，以确定何时暴露于潜在的呼吸道病原体。遵循研究的奶牛场的标准小母牛发展协议，将小母牛放在较大的圈舍中，根据个体的生长和发育，将其称为“群”。在每个组中收集样品，以确定何时采集了潜在的呼吸道病原体，用于病毒和细菌培养的鼻拭子，用于病毒分离的外周血白细胞，以及用于抗体滴度的血清，并在3天（第0、7和14天）进行了测定。每组从24-36小时开始，鼻细菌分离株包括溶血曼海姆氏菌，多杀巴斯德氏菌，嗜血嗜血杆菌（以前为嗜血嗜血杆菌）和支原体，M。haemolytica和P. multocida偶尔分离。在生活中，溶血支原体和多杀性疟原虫的分离在第二和第四组中分别显着增加。当牛被安置在与成年牛鼻鼻接触的家畜中时，以及临床呼吸道感染时，牛疱疹病毒1（BHV-1），副流感3病毒（PI_3V），溶血性支原体和支原体的分离频率增加。发生了对治疗有反应的疾病，小母牛在收割时和5-6个月大时（第三和第四组）接种改良的活病毒疫苗。第二组（年龄95,2±25.4天）减少了初乳衍生的病毒抗体，并在此期间分离了PI_3V和BHV-1。直到第二次疫苗接种后，病毒中和抗体的滴度才显着增加，这可能反映了来自母体抗体的干扰。小牛自utch和第二组之间在第14天之间自发针对多杀性疟原虫，在第二组（95.2±25.4天）和第三组（134.5±36.1天）中自发溶血支原体。总之，尽管已接受包括疫苗接种在内的普遍接受的健康管理计划，但在年轻的奶牛小母牛中仍记录了潜在的呼吸道病原体的传播。

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