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首页> 外文期刊>The American mineralogist >Flower-like apatite recording microbial processes through deep geological time and its implication to the search for mineral records of life on Mars
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Flower-like apatite recording microbial processes through deep geological time and its implication to the search for mineral records of life on Mars

机译：花状磷灰石记录了深部地质时期的微生物过程，对寻找火星上的生命矿物记录有启示作用

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The biological cycling of phosphorus on Earth could be as early as the origin of life in early Archean. However, because of the low abundance and fine particle size, phosphate related to microbial ecophysiological activities in early sedimentary rocks, especially those deposited before the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, ca. 2.45-2.32 Ma), is still poorly addressed. It is not until recently that certain petrographic and mineralogical features of apatite in the early Precambrian sedimentary rocks were found related to microbial activities. In this study, we report high-resolution electron microscopic investigations on apatite from the Neoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic banded iron formations (BIFs), Mesoproterozoic to Lower Cambrian black shale and phosphorites, and Pliocene sediments. Apatite in BIFs occurs as 4-8 mm radial flowers with "petals" made of apatite rods. Their mineralogical and petrologic features are highly similar to those in the younger sedimentary rocks in which biomass have been confirmed to play an important role in the mineralization of phosphate. We suggest that these sedimentary rocks or sediments have experienced similar phosphogenetic processes mediated by biomass that led to the mineralization of phosphorus. The formation and preservation of phosphate (apatite) with conspicuous recognizable features in association with biological activities from Late Archean to Pliocene implies its universal significance in recording microbial processes through deep geological evolution. With mild dynamic processes, the martian (sub)surface has better preservation conditions than Earth, and the micro-structure of phosphate formed in environments mediated by microorganisms could be recognized by high-resolution observations on the surface of Mars or returned samples, if microbial life ever developed on Mars.
机译：磷在地球上的生物循环最早可以追溯到太古宙早期的生命起源。然而，由于低丰度和细粒度，与早期沉积岩中微生物生态生理活动有关的磷酸盐，特别是在大氧化事件（GOE，约2.45-2.32 Ma）之前沉积的那些微生物，仍很难得到解决。直到最近，才发现前寒武纪沉积岩中磷灰石的某些岩石学和矿物学特征与微生物活动有关。在这项研究中，我们报告了高分辨率的电子显微镜研究，其作用是从新始古纪到早古元古代带状铁构造（BIF），中元古代到下寒武统黑页岩和磷矿以及上新世沉积物的磷灰石。 BIF中的磷灰石以4-8毫米的放射状花朵出现，“花瓣”由磷灰石棒制成。它们的矿物学和岩石学特征与年轻的沉积岩中的矿物学和岩石学特征高度相似，后者已证实生物量在磷酸盐的矿化中起重要作用。我们认为这些沉积岩或沉积物经历了由生物质介导的导致磷矿化的类似磷矿化过程。具有明显可识别特征的磷酸盐（磷灰石）的形成和保存与从太古宙时代到上新世的生物活动有关，暗示了其在通过深层地质演化记录微生物过程中的普遍意义。火星（次）表面具有温和的动态过程，其保存条件要比地球更好，并且在微生物介导的环境中形成的磷酸盐的微观结构可以通过对火星或返回样品（如果有微生物）表面的高分辨率观察来识别。在火星上发展了生命。

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