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Multiple gene evidence for parallel evolution and retention of ancestral morphological states in the shanks (Charadriiformes : Scolopacidae)

机译:小腿中平行进化和保留祖先形态状态的多基因证据(Charadriiformes:Scolopacidae)

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摘要

Because systematic studies based on morphology have failed to fully resolve phylogenetic relationships of shanks (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae), we obtained mitochondrial DNA (6349 bp) and nuclear DNA (1315 bp) sequences from 15 taxa. Using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis we show that Catoptrophorus and Heteroscelus are embedded within Tringa, and thus these genera should be merged in Tringa. Phylogenetic analyses of 18 morphological characters resulted in a partly resolved tree, so we mapped them on the molecular phylogeny and reconstructed ancestral states by maximum likelihood. Twelve of the morphological characters are homoplastic or plesiomorphic, and only six are phylogenetically informative, placing Xenus and Actitis outside the remaining genera. The bright yellow and red leg coloration of yellowlegs and redshanks are, respectively, a retained ancestral state and a parallel acquisition. Using a semi-parametric penalized-likelihood approach to correct for rate variation among lineages we estimated that speciation occurred in the Early Miocene-Pliocene.
机译:由于基于形态学的系统研究未能完全解决小腿的系统发育关系(Charadriiformes:Scolopacidae),因此我们从15个分类单元获得了线粒体DNA(6349 bp)和核DNA(1315 bp)序列。使用最大简约性和贝叶斯分析,我们显示Catoptrophorus和Heteroscelus嵌入在Tringa中,因此这些属应在Tringa中合并。对18个形态特征进行系统进化分析,结果得到了部分分解的树,因此我们将它们映射到分子系统发育上,并以最大的可能性重建了祖先状态。十二个形态特征是同型或多形的,只有六个具有系统发育信息,将Xenus和Actitis置于其余属之外。黄腿和红腿的鲜黄色和红色腿着色分别是保留的祖先状态和平行采集。使用半参数惩罚似然方法校正谱系间的速率变化,我们估计物种形成发生在中新世—上新世早期。

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