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Beyond Positive Psychology?

机译：超越积极心理学？

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摘要

The field of positive psychology rests on the assumption that certain psychological traits and processes are inherently beneficial for well-being. We review evidence that challenges this assumption. First, we review data from 4 independent longitudinal studies of marriage revealing that 4 ostensibly positive processes-forgiveness, optimistic expectations, positive thoughts, and kindness-can either benefit or harm well-being depending on the context in which they operate. Although all 4 processes predicted better relationship well-being among spouses in healthy marriages, they predicted worse relationship well-being in more troubled marriages. Then, we review evidence from other research that reveals that whether ostensibly positive psychological traits and processes benefit or harm wellbeing depends on the context of various noninterpersonal domains as well. Finally, we conclude by arguing that any movement to promote well-being may be most successful to the extent that it (a) examines the conditions under which the same traits and processes may promote versus threaten well-being, (b) examines both healthy and unhealthy people, (c) examines well-being over substantial periods of time, and (d) avoids labeling psychological traits and processes as positive or negative.
机译：积极心理学领域的假设是，某些心理特征和过程固有地对幸福有益。我们审查了挑战这一假设的证据。首先，我们回顾了来自4个独立的婚姻纵向研究的数据，揭示了4个表面上积极的过程-宽恕，乐观的期望，积极的思想和友善-可能会根据其所处的环境而有益或危害幸福。尽管所有这四个过程都预示着健康婚姻中配偶之间更好的关系幸福感，但他们却预言在更多麻烦婚姻中配偶之间的幸福感更差。然后，我们回顾来自其他研究的证据，这些证据揭示表面上积极的心理特征和过程是对幸福还是对幸福的损害，也取决于各种非人际关系领域的背景。最后，我们通过论证得出结论，任何促进幸福的运动都可能是最成功的，其程度是（a）研究相同的特征和过程可以促进或威胁幸福的条件，（b）研究健康和不健康的人，（c）在相当长的一段时间内检查健康状况，（d）避免将心理特征和过程标记为正面或负面。

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