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首页> 外文期刊>The American psychologist >HIV infection among people who inject drugs: The challenge of racial/ethnic disparities.
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HIV infection among people who inject drugs: The challenge of racial/ethnic disparities.

机译：注射毒品者中的艾滋病毒感染：种族/种族差异的挑战。

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Racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection, with minority groups typically having higher rates of infection, are a formidable public health challenge. In the United States, among both men and women who inject drugs, HIV infection rates are elevated among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks. A meta-analysis of international research concluded that among persons who inject drugs, racial and ethnic minorities were twice as likely to acquire an HIV infection, though there was great variation across the individual studies. To examine strategies to reduce racial/ ethnic disparities among persons who inject drugs, we reviewed studies on injection drug use and its role in HIV transmission. We identified four sets of evidence-based interventions that may reduce racial/ethnic disparities among persons who inject drugs: HIV counseling and testing, risk reduction services, access to antiretroviral therapy, and drug abuse treatment. Implementation of these services, however, is insufficient in many countries, including the United States. Persons who inject drugs appear to be changing drug use norms and rituals to reduce their risks. The challenges are to (a) develop a validated model of how racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection arise, persist, and are reduced or eliminated over time and (b) implement evidence-based services on a sufficient scale to eliminate HIV transmission among all persons who inject drugs.
机译：艾滋病毒感染者的种族/种族差异，少数群体的感染率通常较高，这是对公共卫生的巨大挑战。在美国，在注射毒品的男女中，西班牙裔美国人和非西班牙裔黑人的艾滋病毒感染率均在上升。对国际研究的荟萃分析得出的结论是，尽管各个研究之间存在很大差异，但在注射毒品的人中，种族和少数民族感染艾滋病毒的可能性是后者的两倍。为了研究减少注射毒品者之间种族/族裔差异的策略，我们回顾了有关注射毒品使用及其在HIV传播中的作用的研究。我们确定了四组基于证据的干预措施，这些措施可以减少注射毒品者之间的种族/种族差异：艾滋病毒咨询和检测，降低风险服务，获得抗逆转录病毒疗法和药物滥用治疗。但是，在包括美国在内的许多国家，这些服务的实施是不够的。注射毒品的人似乎正在改变毒品使用规范和礼节以降低风险。面临的挑战是（a）建立经过验证的模型，说明随着时间的推移，艾滋病毒感染中种族/族裔差异如何产生，持续存在，并得到减少或消除;（b）实施足够规模的循证服务以消除所有人之间的艾滋病毒传播注射毒品的人。

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